









r:?H>t:ir^::':.;^";'tii'^Ctfttu^:t;t^.'/j 







o V 













% ^ 



.0^ • 



^^-' ,'-°'"<^- -.^P".° /°- -w.- .'" -- "■ 








^ • 



:- ^Ao^ : 







• ''b >* . 




















'o • * 










^ "•-"' <^ 



% '^^ ..^ /. 


















< o 







t '^^^'^^ - 



; A^' ^. 



V'^ • 






.^vP, 













o^ ..., %'•"" .\^ ,., --^ 

















be 




RESOURCES OF MISSOURI. 



BY 



SYLVESTER WATERHOUSE, 



»T. I-.OXJIS, 



• EDITION, - - - 20y000 COPIES. 



ST. LOtJTS, MO., 
BTEBEOTYPKD A8D PfilKTED BY ADG. WIEBIISCH S BOH. 

1867. 



:5c 



A !l 






R. P. STUDLEY $c CO., 




Printers,Lithographers 

WOOD ENGRAVERS, BLANK BOOK MAKERS, 



-AND JJKALKKS IN- 



QSce Staiioaerj of all kiads. 

S. W. COENEE MAIN AND OLIVE STS., ST. LOUIS. 



We lake plcaiiure in calling the attention of the public to our superior 
facilities in Printing, Engraving, I^ithographing, Book Binding and Blank 
Book Manufacturing. 

We emplo}' first class artists and craftsmen, have al\va3S on hand 
an ample supply of stock from the best mills and manufactories in the 
country, and keep pace with the demand for vSUPERIOR WORK b}' 
constantly adding new material and machinery. 

Books, Pamphlets. Catalogues, etc., printed at short notice. 

Estimates cheerfully furnished on application. 

Orders by m;vil;faithfully executed and satisfaction guaranteed. 

R. P. STUDLEY & CO. 



/ 



• 



THE 

RESOURCES OF MISSOURI. 

BY 

S. WATEEHOTJSE, 

ST. XjOUIS, 



EDITION, 20,000 COPIES. 



ST. LOUIS, MO., 
8TESE0TYPED ISD FBISTED BY IDG. WIEBU8CH & SOH. 

1867. 



f^^^ 



Nj^ 



L-V 




Of \VA?VV 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



The origin and design of this pamphlet on the Eesources of 
Missouri are explained by the following letters. 

To the Editor of the N. Y. Tribune. 

Sir : At the request of the State Board of Immigration, of which 
I am President, Professor Waterhouse has prepared the accompany- 
ing papers for publication. They will serve to answer thousands 
of inquiries made from every part of the United vStates. The pub- 
lic interest manifested in the subject of these papers justifies me in 
asking their publication in your paper. I am, very respectfully. 

Tour obedient servant, 

THOS. C. FLETCHEE. 
Jefferson City, Mo. 



Gov. Thos. C. Fletcher, 

Dear Sir : The accompanying papers are 
hasty and informal expositions of the advantages which Missouri 
offers to the immigi-ant. 

In many instances, it has been found impossible to illustrate 
the resources of this State by recent statistics. For the last six 
years, no full record of industrial products has been kept. The civil 
war materially deranged every branch of business. So largely did 
it interrupt the operations of agriculture, mining and commerce, 
that the statistics of these departments during the rebellion would, 
even if they were accessible, convey an altogether erroneous and 
inadequate impression of the capabilities of Missouri. 

But time does not impair the force of a fact. If freshness adds 
to its interest, age does not detract from its truth. A decade of 
years has not deprived the statistics upon the minerals of Missouri 
of their power of producing conviction. And, though the facts 
which are famiKar to our citizens may be new to Eastern and 

8 



European emigi'aiits, the only vital point ia the efficacy of thepe 
facte to impress upon the public mind a full comprehension of the 
resources of Missouri. 

Hoping that a general knowledge of our economic advantages 
will convert many emigrants from other States and countries into 
immigrants and citizens of Missouri, 

I am, with high regard, yours truly, 

S. WATEEHOITSE. 
St. Louis. 



This series of papers has been revised and enlarged. It is 
hoped that the errors which have escaped correction are not suffi- 
ciently grave to weaken the force of the general conclusions. In 
some instances, from the impossibility of obtaining trustworthy 
statistics, approximate estimates have been given ; but these 
estimates express the best judgments of men practically conversant 
with the subjects under discussion. 

These articles are mere "advertisements" of the material re- 
sources of Missouri. The very object of the series precluded any 
thorough treatment of the several topics. A fuller discussion would 
have made a pamphlet too large for general circulation. 

The very kind and gi-atifying reception which a generous pub- 
lic has already given these articles induces the hope that a further 
indulgence will be granted to sincere efforts for the material growth 
and mental culture of our noble State. 

S. W. 
Washington University, June 1st, 1867. 



GENERAL ADVANTAGES OF MISSOURI. 



January 11, 1865, was the moBt eventful date in the history of 
Missouri. It was the birthday of libert}^ It ushered Missouri into 
the sisterhood of free States. The act of that day will bless Mis- 
souri through all coming time. It will invigorate every form of 
business life, and stir the State to an early achievement of material 
greatness. 

Slavery benumbed the faculties of Missouri. States quickened 
by the incentives of freedom displayed a readier intelligence and 
prompter solutions of the problems of political economy. With all 
its superior advantages, Missouri, paralyzed by the torpor of servile 
institutions, was subjected to the humiliation of seeing itself far sur- 
passed in rapidity of growth by j^ounger and smaller States. The 
tables of the census are registers of its comparative poverty. Such 
figures are not liable to the suspicion of rhetorical exaggeration. 
Slavery degraded labor, palsied enterprise, created injust social dis- 
tinctions, fostered a dangerous aristocracy, retarded the progress of 
industry, and finally plunged Missouri into the horrors of civil war. 
No free State conspired against the life of the nation. Slavery sowed 
the seed which has ripened into so fruitful a harvest of death. By 
its insurrection against lawful authority, it forced the nation — un- 
willing to submit to assassination, or to commit suicide at the re- 
commendation of traitors — to the ordeal of arms. Missouri bought 
her freedom with the costly treasure which is coined in the mint of 
battle. Her trial was severe. Desolate homes and burned villages 
are the monuments of her fraternal strife. Agricultural labor was 
interrupted, commerce was prostrated, life and property wore in- 
secure, turbulence and carnage reigned supreme. But patriotism 
has triumphed. The devoted gallantry of our Federal soldiery has 
vanquished the assailants of republican liberty. Victory has re- 
stored to the Nation unity and the possibility of greatness. Missouri 
Avill enjoy a liberal share in the splendor and rewards of triumph. 
Redemption from slavery, and a free participation in the prosperity 
which will flow from the re-establishment of the Union, are benefits 
of priceless value. Such gains will more than compensate for the 
losses of war. The advance in the price of real estate alread}' re- 
quites Missouri for the enfranchisement of her slaves. The Ordin- 
ance of Emancipation has inaugurated a better era. The State 
alread}'" begins to feel the generous impulses of freedom. A new 
life is invigorating the body politic. Enterprise, commerce and 
manufactures are stimulated. Capital is flowing into the State. 

5 



G 

Corporations are forming for the development of our internal re- 
sources, and factories are rising for the fabrication of domestic 
materials. The unsunned wealth of our mines is coming to the light 
in larger quantities. The pleased earth is yielding to the hands of 
free labor a richer store of golden grain. Processions of immigrant 
wagons are moving along all our highways. It is estimated that 
there was during last August and September an accession of 25,000 
people to the population of the State. There is a fresh vitality in 
the very air of Missouri. 

The domain which the Ordinance of Emancipation has restored 
to freedom is imperial. Missouri contains more than 67,000 square 
miles. It is half as large again as New York, and more than eight 
times the size of Massachusetts. It would make a score of German 
principalities. Larger than England and Wales, or Scotland and 
Ireland, it is equal to one-third of the area of France. The State is 
318 miles long by 280 broad. Of its 43,000,000 acres, at least 
35,000,000 are valuable for the purposes of agriculture or mining. 

The geographical advantages of Missouri are peerless. The 
State lies not only in the center of the Mississippi Valley, but near 
the heart of the continent. Its meti'opolis, lying upon the Pacific 
Railroad, Avill be the half-way station between the oceans, and the 
great central emporium for the distribution of the productions of 
the Mississippi Valley. That destiny is inevitable. It is the glor- 
ious necessity of physical geography. Missouri, lying between the 
parallels of 36 deg. 30 min. and 40 deg. 36 min. north latitude, en- 
joys the golden mean of the temperate zone. The salubrity of its 
climate is proverbial. Its chief defect is a liability to sudden 
changes. The summers are long and^warm. The winters are gen- 
erally short and mild. On the parallel of St. Louis, the fall of snow 
is seldom more than two or three inches deep, and rarely remains 
on the ground a week. Sleigh-rides are infrequent and unsatisfact- 
ory. They illustrate the pursuit of pleasure under difficulty. The 
balmy airs of the Indian summer temper to delightful softness the 
tardy approach of winter. The average temperature of November, 
1865, was 46 deg. 39 min. ; in 1866, it was 45 deg. and 6 min.* 
Semi-tropic fruits mature in Southern Missouri, while the productions 
of a higher latitude flourish in the northern portions of the State. 
The soil of the river bottoms and rolling prairie is inexhaustibly 
fertile, and even the mining regions are capable of supporting a 
large agricultural population. The surface of Missouri is varied and 
undulating. Hills and mountains diversify and intersect the State. 
The copious streams which flow from these elevations fertilize the 
valleys, and afford a motive power which the level pi^airie can never 
supply. Missouri invites manufacturers to her borders with the 
offer of rich facilities. If natural adaptation is any index of des- 
tiny, then this State will ultimately become the workshop of the 
Mississippi Valley. 

* The result of observations made on the northern front of Washington University, 
at 9 A. M. If it had been a southern exposure, or a later hour, the average would, of 
course, have been appreciably higher. According to another record, the mean tempera- 
ture was above 47 degrees. 



T 

Missouri is heavily wooded. Her forests contain fuel and tim- 
ber amply sufficient to meet the wants of a population of 10,000,000. 

The mineral Avealth of the State is illimitable. Probably no 
equal area on the face of the globe surpasses Missouri in the rich- 
ness and variety of her minerals. Her vaults are stored with almost 
eveiy kind of ore which the arts of man require. The key to alt 
this wealth is a spade. The lock which secures this treasure is 
earth — any man can pick it. 

During the rebellion Missouri was cruelly vexed with evil 
spirits. But these have at length been cast out, and now the State, 
though rent and scarred by convulsions, is restored to sanity and 
health. It is now ready to commence an unobstructed career of 
development. The motives of freedom, fertility of soil, salubrity 
of climate, wealth of minerals, facilities for commerce and manu- 
factures, and ease of railroad and river transportation are the mat- 
erial advantages which invite the capitalist, the tradesman and the 
artisan of every clime and nationality to a home in Missouri, to a 
co-operation in the development of its measureless resources, and 
to an enriching participation in its prosperity. 



AGRICULTURE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri presents to the farmer those conditions of climate 
which are most favorable to husbandry. The cold of the Northern 
latitudes restricts variety of production and blockades communica- 
tion with icy barriers. The heat of the South enervates energy and 
invites to indolence. Missouri enjoys the genial mean which per- 
mits the widest range of products and the full exercise of physical 
powers. The thermometrical record kept at Jefferson Barracks — 
latitude 38 deg. 28 min., elevation 472 feet — shows that the mean 
annual temperature for twenty-six years, is 55.46 deg. The highest 
monthly average is 85.80 deg., and the lowest 18.54 deg. The mean 
annual rain-fall is 37.83 inches. The thermal and hydral averages 
of the season are : 

Spring, 56 15 deg. 10.56 inches 

Summer, 76 19 " 12.88 " 

Autumn, 55 63 « 8.02 " 

Winter, 33 85 « 6.37 « 

It seems as though it would only be neccessary to advertise 
these advantages of climate to induce agricultural emigrants to avail 
themselves of such a genial co-operation of nature. 

Of the 35,000,000 acres of arable land in Missouri, 2,000,000 are 
the alluvial margins of rivers, and 20,000,000 high rolling prairie. 



8 

The richness of the soil is pi-actically inexhaustible. In bottoms the 
mold is sometimes six feet deep. Some farms, after bearing with- 
out artificial fertilization twenty five successive crops, have yet 
failed to show any very great decrease in productiveness. The 
fitrength of the land and the length of the season permit two har- 
vests to be gathered from the same field every year. Winter wheat 
or oats can always be succeeded by a crop of corn fodder, or Hun- 
garian grass, from the same ground. This is an advantage of mat- 
erial importance to small farmers. The composition of the soil 
varies with the geological formation. But the main elements — clay, 
lime, sand and vegetable mold — commixed in different proportions, 
form a rich marl or loam which the facts of harvest prove to 
be highly fruitful. The following statistics, which are given by 
Mr. Parker, may in some instances largely exceed the average 
yield, but still they illustrate the possible productiveness of the soil: 

Counties Lnfiiyette. 

Hay, tons 

Wheat, bushel per acre 

Oats, 



fiiyette. 


Holt. 


Howard. 


Saline. 


Pettis. 


or 3 






* 


2 or 3 


25 




40 


40 


50 




40 




60 


50 


100 


125 


100 


100 


100 








300 


150 


800 




2000 


1200 


800 


2200 


1500 


1500 


1300 


1200 



Corn, '' " 

Potatoes, '' " 

Tobacco, lbs " 

Hemp, " " 

These counties are not selected on account of superior fertility; 
they are taken as samples for the simple reason that I have not 
been able to procure recent returns from other counties. In some 
of these products, the figures indicate a productiveness which is 
below the average of the richest districts. The table refers to 
special harvests and farms, and does not aim to express the mean 
fertility of the several counties or of other years. The average 
yield of wheat in Missouri is from 15 to 25 bushels an acre. 

Little facts are often suggestive of the fruitfulness of the soil. 
Sweet potatoes have been raised in Missouri which weighed ten 
pounds apiece. Apples and turnips have been exhibited at our fairs 
which measured respectively six and eight inches in diameter. 
Melons ahd pumpkins have been produced which attained the rela- 
tive weights of 40 and 100 pounds. Corn sometimes reaches as high 
as sixteen feet, and sorghum twenty feet. In good seasons, farm- 
ers occasionally cut four tons of hay to the acre. In all these cases, 
the average is of course much below these figures. These ex- 
ceptional instances are cited to show what vegetable monsters the 
richness of the soil sometimes brings forth. 

Yet, notwithstanding this wonderful wealth of soil, more than 
25,000,000 acres of land in Missouri are suffered to lie falloAV. 
There are to-day 4,000,000 acres of unentered land in this State. 
jN'early all of this land is rich in agricultural or mineral resources. 
Under the Homestead Law, IGO acres can be purchased for §18. 
Improved farms can be bought at from %b to $30 an acre. 

* Timothy 3 — Clover 4 — Hungarifta Gra.'js 5 tona. 



According to a recent estimate of the Agricultural Bureau, the 
average price of fai'm labor in Missouri is §18. 00 a month with 
board, and $26.75 without it. 

The water of Missouri is abundant and healthful. Perennial 
springs and copious streams are found in every part of the State. 
The alluvium which the Mississippi holds in solution does not impair 
the salutary quality of its waters. The undulating surface of Min- 
souri affords advantages of drainage and water-power which are 
denied to level prairies. This is an important consideration. The 
necessity of thorough drainage to highly successful husbandry has 
been established, and the emigrant who would prefer the plains of 
other States to the gentle inequalities of Missouri, would betray a 
costly ignorance of his own interests. 

The products which thrive in Missouri are too numerous for 
separate enumeration. The list would be an inventory of the pro- 
ductions of the temperate zone. All the cereals grow with rank 
luxuriance. The soil is rich in the chemical elements of which the 
diiferent grains are composed. 

Cotton is produced in the Southern portion of the State. The 
amount per acre varies from 200 to 400 pounds. During the war, 
it was a very profitable crop. 

The soil of Missouri is suited to the culture of Sorghum and 
Imphee. Their rank growth and great productiveness strongly 
recommend a more general cultivation of these vegetables. No 
portion of them is worthless. The juice is refined into excellent 
sugar and sj'rup, the leaves make good fodder, and the fiber of the 
stalk is manufactured into paper. 

Hemp and tobacco are two of the main staples of Missouri. 
Equal to the best growth of Kentucky and Virginia, they are a vast 
source of wealth to the State. Few crops yield a larger profit. 
Missouri produces more than forty-five per cent, of the hemp of the 
United States. 

Missouri is admirably adapted to the cultivation of fruit. Apples, 
pears, peaches, plums, cherries, currants, strawbei'ries, blackberries, 
quinces, apricots and nectarines, reach a rare size and delicacy of 
flavor. Trees and vines grow rapidly and bear largely. In south- 
ern Missoiiri, the winters are so mild that fruit trees are seldom 
injured by inclemency of the weather. The season, which even in 
northern Missouri permits plowing by the middle of March, cannot 
be very severe or protracted. In open winters, farmers have not 
infrequently done their plowing in December and January. In the 
genial climate of Missouri, the farmers may enjoy from May to 
November an uninterrupted succession of fresh fruits. Apples can 
be produced in illimitable quantities. The trees mature at least five 
years earlier than they do in New England. Peach trees continue 
to bear from fifteen to twenty years, and apple trees from twenty- 
five to thirty years. Two thousand bushels of peaches have been 
gathered from a single acre. Fruit culture is one of the most lucra- 
tive branches of husbandry in Missouri. 

Unless the prophecies of scientific men are false and the obvious 
intentions of nature are thwarted, Missouri is destined to be the 



10 

vineyard of America. There has been no elaborate investigation 
since the geological survey of Professor Swallow. But the familiar- 
ity of the facts which his researches developed does not diminish 
their truthfulness. It is estimated that there are in Southern Mis- 
souri 15,000,000 acres adapted to the culture of the gi-ape. This 
land is situated 1,000 or 1,500 feet above the level of the ocean. 
jN^ature has, in many localities, moulded the surface into terraces, 
as if on purpose to facilitate the labors of the vine-dresser. The 
composition of the soil is remarkably like that of the celebrated vine 
lands of Germany and France. Chemical analysis shows that the 
soil abounds in lime, soda, potash, magnesia, and phosphoric 
acid; and these are the principal elements which enter into the 
structure of the vine. The soil is dry and light, the air equable and 
comparatively vaporless; the water abundant and pure. These are 
the identical conditions under which the luscious vintages of the Old 
World attain their perfection. 

The success of our vineyards has been seriously diminished 
by the inexperience of our vine-dressers. TJnfamiliarity with the 
best methods of treatment, and ignorance of the varieties best suited 
to our conditions of climate and soil, have materially lessened the 
profits of grape-growing in Missouri. 

Yet the following averages, based upon the statistics of 
Mr. HusMANN, in his excellent treatise on "Grapes and Wine," 
show that, even under the existing disadvantages, the culture of 
the vine has been highly lucrative. 

The approximate expense of preparing a vineyard is indicated 
below. 

Variety of Grape. Cost per Acre. 

Delaware $875.00 

Norton's Virginia 660. 00 

ITerbemont 625.00 

Catawba 465.00 

Concord 410.00 

The mean results per acre of one of Mr. Husmann's vineyards, 
from 1849 to 1865 inclusive, are as follow : 

No. Vines. No. Gal. Price per Gal. Gross Value. Net Profit. 

3276. 529. $1.50 $253.00 $163.00 

The cost of 2| acres, planted in 1861, was : 

1700 ITorton's Yirginia, at $20 per 100 $340.00 

400 Concord, " 25 " " 100.00 

350 Delaware, " 50 " " 175.00 

150 Herbemont, « 25 « " 37.50 

50 Cunningham, " 50 " " 25.00 

Other assorted varieties 100.00 

Expense of preparing land, $50 per acre 125.00 

Erection of trellis, $150 per acre 375. 00 

Interest on capital 100.00 

Total $1,377.50 



11 



The products of this vineyard were : 

First year, layers and cuttings $330.00 



Second " 
Third " 
Fourth « 
Third " 
Fourth " 
Fifth " 



u 
(( 
(I 



« 



(I 
a 



2,000 lbs Concord grapes at 16 cts. net 

2,040 

1,030 



a 



1,300 
125 

40 



gal. 

u 



Concord, 



30 
10 
50 



(C 
(C 

u 

(C 



Nort. Virg. 
Herbemont " 
Delaware " 
Cunningham " 
Clinton " 

Other kinds " 



1,200.00 

2,500.00 

4,000.00 

320.00 

u 24 " " . . 489.60 

at62.50pergal. 2,575.00 



4.00 
3.00 
6.00 
4.00 



3.00 
3.00 



(C 

(( 
<( 
cc 
u 
(( 



a 

u 
ti 
u 
(I 
a 



5,200.00 
375.00 
240.00 
120.00 
30.00 
150.00 

336 lbs Hartford Prolific, at 20 cts. per lb 67. 20 
57,000 plants at $100 per 1000 5,700.00 

Gross value .$23,305.80 

Deduct the interest on capital at 5 per cent. $500. 

cost of plants, trellis &c 1,277. 

labor for the 1st year 150. 

2nd " 300. 



(C 

{( 
a 
(I 
a 
ic 



<{ 
u 



cc 
cc 
cc 



cc 
cc 
cc 



3rd 
4th 
5th 



cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 



400. 
500. 
500.— $3,627.00 



Net profit $19,678.80 

The following exhibit shows the annual returns of Mr. M. Poe- 
schel's new vineyard : 



Year. 



Area. 



Gross profits. 



1863 2i acres $3,900. 00 

1864 5 " 5,450.00 

1865 



'h 



" ...14,237.50 

Total ..$23,587.50 

The averages of Mr. Poeschel's old vineyard, from 1847 to 
1863 inclusive, were : 



Acres. 

4.4 

The statistics of Mr. 

YfRr. 



Qal. per acre. 

986 
Wm. Poeschel's vineyard are 

Area. 



Price por gal. 

$1.54 



Gross profits. 



1857. 
1858. 
1859. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
18«3 , 
1864. 
186'5. 



,1| acres $1,402.50 

n 

.2 

.2 
.2 

■H 

.5 



275.00 
375.00 

" 1,846.80 

« 783.50 

" 1,742.12 

« 2,512.00 

630.00 
" 8,290.00 



cc 



cc 



9 years 



.201 acres $17,856.92 



12 

Under favorable circumstances, two acres of vines yielded the 
following results : 

No. Variety. UnlUiiis. Price per Gal. Amount. 

350 Delaware 40 16.00 $240.00. 

100 Herbemont 125 8.00 875.00 

500 Concord 1,030 2.50 2,575.00 

1,200 Norton 1,300 4.00 5,200.00 

Other vines 8G7.20 

Cuttings ....5,700.00 

Total value $14,457.20 

Deduction of cost, labor and interest... 1,000.00 

Net profit of two acres in one year ^13,457.20 

These figures exhibit a profit which is certainly ample enough 
to satisfy every reasonable expectation of gain. 

In 1865, the value of the grape crop in the vicinity of Hermann 
was appraised at $150,000. If we may be guided in our estimates 
by European statistics, the vinelands of Missouri are able to afford 
a pleasant and remunerative occupation to a population triple the 
present census of the State, and to yield an annual vintage of at least 
1,000,000,000 gallons of wine. The physical structure of Southern 
Missouri is a prophecy of rich and delicious vintages, which the 
sagacious enterprise of our citizens should speedily fulfil. 

Almost all the valuable varieties ot forest trees abound in Mis- 
souri. The pine, oak, ash, elm, walnut, hickory, maple, gum, 
overcup, cottonwood, cypress, chestnut, sycamore, linn, beech, 
catalpa, and tupelo are found in different portions of the State. 
The following table, taken from Mr. Parker's suggestive volume, 
shows the magnitude which some of these trees occasionally reach : 

Comity. Treo. Circ\iiii. in feet. Hei^lit. 

Dunklin Catalpa 10 90 

Cape Girardeau Sweet Gum 15 130 

" " White Ash 18 110 

Pemiscot Elm 22 100 

" Cypress 29 125 

Howard White Oak 28 100 

Stoddard Beech 18 120 

" Tupelo 30 120 

Mississippi Spanish Oak 28 110 

" Sycamore 43 — 

The magnitude of these statements excites distrust. But I 
have no means of verifying them. If there is no error in the figures, 
the existence of such vegetable giants demonstrates a marvelous 
opulence of soil. Large districts of .southern Missouri are heavily 
covered with timber. For the purposes of ship-building, the live oak 
of this State is unsurpassed by any that grows in the Mississippi 
Valley. In the southern counties, there are millions of acres of 
valuable yellow pine which the hand of man has not touched. 
Some of these are four feet in diameter, and shoot up to a height 
of ninet}'- feet. Energy might easily coin this timber into a fortune. 



13 

Last year about S50,000 worth of tar, rosin and turpentine was 
brought to vSt. Louis from these pineries and sold at a large advance 
upon the cost of manufacture. 

The cultivation of grass brings the farmer liberal profits. 
Clover, timothy, red-top, Hungarian and herds-grass gi'ow with 
spontaneous exuberance. The yield varies from one and a half to 
three tons an acre. In the culture of this crop, improved machin- 
ery enables the farmer to secure large returns for a slight outlay 
of labor. The richness of the herbage is favorable to stock-raising. 
Cattle occasionally graze all winter. It is seldom necessary to feed 
them more than two months and a half. The luxuriant verdure of 
our alluvial bottoms and loamy uplands would fatten cattle enoiagh 
to supply the markets of the country. The farmer has the advant- 
age of the open prairie — his herds can feed at will upon its verdant 
pasturage. The stock raiser adjacent to a prairie can make a profit- 
able use of its vast commons. The hilly region of southern Missouri 
is admirably adapted to sheep grazing. A moderate use of Mis- 
souri's ability to raise sheep would remove the necessity of import- 
ing into this country 100,000,000 pounds of wool annually. 

The alpaca of Peru is a hardy animal, and thrives upon the 
scantiest pasturage. Our national Bureau of Agriculture has re- 
commended the naturalization of this animal in the United States. 
The hardihood of the alpaca and its abundant yield of wool justify 
the attempt. Southern Missouri aifords the finest opportunities 
for the trial of this experiment. Our farmers may find in the 
introduction of this new breed a rich reward for their enterprise. 
In this way, portions of the State too uneven or sterile for the 
purposes of agriculture may be reclaimed to profitable uses. At all 
events, the experiment is worthy of a trial. 

The mulberry tree grows wild in Missouri. It is hardy and rank. 
With cultivation, it would answer every want of the silk-grower. 
The Chinese silk worm, which has been imported from France and 
naturalized in this country, would find in the abundant foliage of 
the ailanthus tree rich materials for its glossy fabric. The softness 
of the climate is peculiarly favorable to the health and industry of 
this little manufacturer. 

The castor bean richly repays the labor of cultivation. An acre 
will yield from fifteen to twenty-five bushels. During the last 
four years the price has varied, in consequence of competition, 
from $2.50 to $5.50 a bushel. The oil factories of St. Louis alone 
are able to express 200,000 bushels of castor beans annually. 
At the present price of castor oil, the manufacturers can afford 
to pay from $2.50 to $3 a bushel. 

Flax is a quick crop. In three months from the time of sowing, 
the farmer can receive the profits of his industry. The yield of an 
acre is from fifteen to twenty-two bushels of flaxseed ; or, when flax 
and barley are sown together, from ten to fifteen bushels of flaxseed, 
and from sixteen to twenty-two bushels of barley. The average 
weight of straw to the acre is from one and a lialf to two tons. 
The crop is unfailing. Its certainty is a strong recommendation. 



14 

The annual capacity of our St. Louie mills for the manufacture 
of linseed oil is 250,000 bushels. For the last three years, the seed 
has been worth $2.50 a bushel. The millions of dollars which this 
country is now paying for imported castor and linseed oil ought to 
enrich American producers. The culture of flaxseed and the castor 
bean challenges the favorable attention of the farmers of Missouri. 

The cultivation of the beet may yet expand into an important 
branch of Western agriculture. The enormous productiveness of 
this vegetable may enable it to enter into a profitable competition 
with cane in the manufacture of sugar. 

The necessary brevity of this article precludes a fuller discussion 
of the agricultural interests of Missouri. Our limits only permit the 
mention of our leading staples. But this brief enumeration of our 
pi'incipal products or capabilities suffices to show the rare adaptation 
of Missouri to the uses of agriculture. 

The Agricultural Bureau at Washington is efficiently promoting 
the interests of American husbandry. It is intelligently exploring 
the productions of the world, determining their value and testing 
their adaptation to the needs of American agriculture. Our farmers 
ought to avail themselves of every judicious and practical suggestion 
which emanates from this Bureau. They cannot afford to neglect 
the results of scientific investigation. The liberality of the general 
Government has given to Missouri 830,000 acres of public lands. 
This gift is sufficient for the organization and partial endowment of 
an Agricultural University. Such an institution, organized upon a 
practical basis, might render an important service to the farming 
interests of Missouri. It would elevate agi'iculture to a science, 
and promote alike the cultivation of the mind and the soil. It would 
diffuse throughout the State the latest results of scientific inquiry 
and experiment. It would suggest new, less expensive and more 
profitable processes of culture. It would liberalise the mind by 
broader views and nobler conceptions of the independence and 
dignity of the farmer's life. The husbandry which is prompt to take 
the hints derived from chemical analysis and actual trial, will always 
produce the most fruitful harvest. ,i 

Our soil and climate are favorable to every staple of the temp- 
erate zone. In every direction, there are unopened avenues lead- 
ing to wealth. Rich lands and certain competency are the prizes 
which the intelligent immigrant will draw. For the prudent and 
industrious settler there are no blanks. In this State, agriculture 
will assuredly bless its skilful follower with independence and 
worldly store. 

St. Louis, easily accessible by river or rail, furnishes a ready 
and unfailing market for every production of the husbandman. 
The exuberant West invites the farmers of the Old World and of 
JSTew England to forsake their ungrateful wastes for a soil which 
will show a richer appreciation of their tillage. 



15 

MINERALS OF MISSOURI. * 



Missouri may safely challenge the world to produce its superior 
in the number, extent and value of its minerals. The immensity 
of its mineral wealth subjects even a truthful exposition to a sus- 
picion of exaggeration. The sober calculations of geology seem 
to be mere figures of rhetoric. The imperfect explorations which 
have been made have disclosed the superiority, but not the full mag- 
nitude, of the metallic resources of Missouri. Some of the vaults 
of nature's bank have been opened, but the treasure is too vast to 
be counted. The earth has hoarded in its coffers an unminted and 
incalculable wealth. The inventory of the mineral resources of 
Missouri enumerates springs — whose waters are impregnated with 
salt, sulphur, iron and petroleum — jasper, agate, chalcedony, litho- 
graphic stone, vitreous sand, granite, marble, limestone, plastic and 
fire-clays, metallic paints, hj'draulic cements, mill and grind-stones, 
fire-rock, kaolin, emorj^, plumbago, nickel, cobalt, zinc, copper, sil- 
ver, gold, lead, coal and iron. Most of these minerals occur in 
quantities that are literally inexhaustible. In case of many of these 
articles, the mines and quarries of Missouri could easily supply the 
market of the world. If an incomplete geologic survey and the 
rude efforts of unscientific miners, who have as yet scarcely touched 
the vast deposits of the State, have disclosed such results, we may 
justly expect far richer developments when an exhaustive investi- 
gation has been made, and systematic mining been 'extensively pros- 
ecuted. 

Of silver and gold, traces onl}^ have been discovered. Cobalt 
and nickel exist in profusion. 

Zinc is very abundant. Its masses have often retarded the 
mining of more valuable ores. Thousands of tons of this metal, 
thrown away by the lead miners as a vexatious and worthless im- 
pediment to their progress, might be with a profitable cheapness 
reclaimed to the uses of commerce. The ore is very pui-e. 

Copper has been found in 15 counties. At Hinch's Mine, 800 
pounds of ore gave 272 pounds of good copper. In this locality, 
the gangue is red cla}^, chert and magnesian limestone. At Eives' 
Mine, the ore lies only 20 feet below the surface. The deposit is 
several feet thick, and contains a rich proportion of copper. 

The copper Hill Mine' has yielded 100,000 pounds. The ore 
fror he Stanton Mines gives, according to two analyses, 48.41 per 
cent of pure copper. The ore is usually a sulphuret or carbonate. 

But very little attention has been paid to the zink and copper 
mines of Missouri. The larger profits of other kinds of mining 
have diverted public enterpiise from a fair trial and full develop- 
ment of these ores. The success of the copper works at Frederick- 

* The materials of this article are almost exclusively derived from the able Report* 
©f Professors Swallow and Litton in the Geological Survey of the State of Missouri. 



16 

town would justifj more extended operations in this neglected 
branch of raining. 

Lead has been discovered in more than 500 localities. Its purple 
Teins run through 20 counties and intersect an area of more than 
G,000 square miles. The richness of these mines is exhibited by 
the following statistics : 

Pounds of Lead. 

Total yield of Perry's mine to 1854 12,000,000 

• " " Valla's " 13,000,000 

" " Franklin's " from 1824 to 1854 20,000,000 

Yield of Shibboleth mine in 1811 3,000,000 

" Washington and St. Francois Counties from 

1841 to 1854. :.:.:. 50,000,000 

Annual yield of Washington county 3,000,000 

Total " Virginia mine 10,000,000* 

Yield of Williams' mine in 9 months of 1854 145,000* 

" Frazer's " 1 month 100,000* 

" " " week 50,000* 

Shipped from Selma alone from 1834 to 1854 70,000,000 

Annual average of all mines from 1840 to 1854 4,000,000 

At the mine of Price, Bray & Co., 2,000 lbs. of Galena have 
been taken from a shaft which is only 10 feet deep. The ore at 
Mineral Point is in some places 18 inches thick. 

The lead is mostly sulphuret. Out of 120 specimens of ore, 
113 were sulphuret, 6 sulphuret and carbonate, and 1 sulphate. 

From 60 to 85 per cent, of the ore is pure lead. The gangue 
is generally sulphate of baryta. The ore is often found in mag- 
nesian limestone, or red clay interspersed with brown hematite, 
pyrites and ochre. The mines which have been worked are mostly 
shallow. 

The shaft of Williams' mine was from 25 to 75 feet deep. 
" " Shibboleth " " 16 " 60 " 
" " Price's " 10 « 

At Granby, the lead comes to the very surface of the ground. 

In November, 1865, Mr. Putter, the Superintendent of the 
St. Louis White Lead Factory, made a careful examination of Mine 
la Motte. His report to Mr. Banker, then President of the Lead 
and Oil Company, embraces the following interesting facts : The 
ore, which is almost exclusively a sulphuret, contains from 60 to 
66 per cent, of pure lead. It is found in a limestone formation, at 
a depth of from 22 to 30 feet below the surface. The earth which 
©verlies the limestone varies from 6 to 12 feet in depth. Horizontal 
sheets of almost pure galena, varying from 1 to 12 inches in thick- 
ness, cover the beds of mineral ; beneath them lies a less productive 
sulphuret, which extends downward from 4 to 6 feet. The mean 
tihickness is 8 inches. 

The weight of a square foot of lead, 1 inch thick, is 40 pounds. 
" « " " 8 inches " 320 " 

* Pounds of Ore. 



17 

Sometimes a single drill yields 100 of these nearly cubic feet in 
a month. But an average of 50 feet gives, as the product of one 
drill, 615 pounds a day, or 16,000 pounds a month. The daily 
expense of each drill is S7.50. Each furnace smelts from 40 to 
80 pigs of lead a day. An average product of 50 pigs, or 3,700 
pounds, requires the reduction of 6,166 pounds of ore. The cost of 
smelting is §37 a day. 

Ten drills are necessary to keep one furnace in blast. AVe are 
now ready for a summary of results : 

3,700 lbs. lead at $5.71 1, the average price in this 

market for the five years previous to 1861. . . $211.51 

Deduct freight to St. Louis |c per lb ?il8.50 

" commission for selling, 1 per cent. 

on 8211.51 2.11 

" costof mining, ten drills at $7.50 each 75.00 

" cost of smelting 37.00 132.61 

Profit of one furnace per day $ 78.90 

" " " " month 2,051.40 

« " " " year 24,616.80 

At this rate 100 drills, a number not exceeding the capacity of 
a large company, would yield an average revenue of $359,252. 

During the first year, large operations Avould involve a heavy 
outlay for shafts, drainage and machinery. But the cost of repaii-s 
and improvements could hardly exceed 30 per cent, of the year's 
eai'nings. 

The preceding estimates are based upon present facts, and not 
upon theoretical possibilities. They ai-e founded upon the practical 
results of recent mining. An enlargement of present operations 
and a more extended use of existing facilities are all that is neces- 
sary to secure the success Avhich the foregoing figures indicate. 

Doubtless a treatment by the economic methods of science 
would give a measureably higher percentage of profit. 

Perfectly pure galena contains 13.34 per cent, of sulphur and 
86.66 per cent, of lead. 

An uncrystalizod specimen from Mine la Motte, analyzed by 
Dr. Litton, gave — together with traces of iron, copper and nickel 
— 13.50 per cent, of sulphur and 84.50 per cent, of lead. 

Under our present Avasteful processes, the sulphurets of Mine 
la Motte sometimes yield 77.7 per cent, of pure lead. 

Except the slave labor of three proprietors, and scarcely 200 
men have ever been employed at one time in the mines of Missouri. 
The operations have commonly been desiiltory and the methods un- 
scientific. Miners have chiefly sought superficial deposits in soft 
clay, where the ore could eaf<ily be reached with the spade. Jlining,, 
by the systematic process which science teaches, will probably de- 
velop far richer deposits than any yet found. 

Coal underlies a large portion of Missouri. It has already 
been discovered iu 30 counties. Beds of cannel coal, 45 feet thick,, 
have been found. There are 160 square miles of coal in St. Louis 

2 



18 

connty. The amount of coal in Cooper county has been estimated 
at 60^000,000 tons. Under every acre of Boone county there is 
supposed to be at least §1,000 worth of coal. The deposits in the 
vicinity of Booneville cover an area of 2,000 square miles. The 
strata have a moan thickness of three feet, and are calculated to 
contain 60,000,000 tons of coal. 

The following estimates are based upon the survey of Pro- 
fessor Swallow : 

ComiticK. Square miles. Moan thickness. TousofCo:cl. 

Andrew, 



1 



?,000 10 feet 20,000,000,000 



1,500 12 feet 18,000,000,000 



Atchison, 
Buchanan, 
Holt, 
Platte, 

Chariton, 

Linn, 

Livingston, 

Macon, 

State of Missouri 26,887 8 feet 200,000,000,000 

If we allow one half of this quantity — which is more than 
34,400,000,000 tons below the calculation of Professor Swallow — 
as the true measure of our coal beds, it would take, at 100,000 tons 
a day, more than 3,000 years, at 300 working days each, to exhaust 
the coal deposits of Missouri. 

Iron abounds in different portions of Missouri, but the stupend- 
ous masses of almost solid iron, found in St. Francois, Iron and 
Eeynolds counties, dwarf the discoveries of other localities into 
insignificance. Before the blooraaries of Ironton, the furnaces in 
other sections of the State must pale their ineffectual fires. 
The results of Dr. Litton's investigations have been often published, 
but perhaps the use for which this article is designed will justify 
their reproduction. 

Shepherd Mountain is 660 feet high. The ore, which is magnetic 
and specular, contains a large percentage of pure iron. The height 
of Pilot Knob above the Mississippi river is 1,118 feet. Its base 
581 feet from the summit, is 360 acres. The iron is known to extend 
440 feet below the surface. The upper section of 141 feet is judged 
to contain 14,000,000 tons of ore. 

The elevation of Iron Mountain is 228 feet, and the area of its 
base 500 acres. The solid contents of the cone are 230,000,000 tons. 
It is thought that ever}^ foot beneath the surface will yield 
3,000,000 tons of ore. At the depth of 180 feet, an artesian auger 
is still penetrating solid ore. 

Dr. Litton thinks that these mountains contain enough iron 
above the surface to afford for 200 years an annual supply of 
1,000,000 tons. The ore is almost exclusively specular. It yields 
56 per cent, of pure iron. The iron is strong, tough and fibrous. 

These estimates of the amount of lead, coal and iron in the 
State are founded upon the elaborate researches of geologists. 
'Their deductions are based upon geologic investigations and chemical 



19 

anal^'ses. The well-considered judgments of men of scientific emin- 
ence are certainly entitled to audience and respect. But suppose 
these calculations are erroneous — take one hundredth part of the 
aggregates, and 3'ou still have proofs of vast and exhaustless min- 
eral riches. The fictions of Arabian wealth hardly equal the reality 
of Missouri's treasures. 

These ores underlie some of the richest land in the State. 
The owner possesses at once a fertile farm and a valuable mine. 
In some cases, it is difficult to determine whether the agricultural or 
mineral resources are most productive. Full coffers are the reward 
of either industry. A poor man can earn enough in a few months 
to purchase a mineral farm. Under prescribed conditions, less than 
$20 will secure a homestead of 160 acres. The workman who, 
with a full knowledge of the fact, would prefer delving for a mere 
pittance in the mines of Europe to the independent ownership 
of a mine in Missouri, must be a miner who has not yet reached 
the years of discretion. He must be too young to have a mine of 
his own. 

The recent disasters in the collieries of England will doubtless 
lead to the emigration of many British miners. The loss of 600 lives 
by the late catastrophe may well attract the public attention to 
the hardships, unhealthfulness, and extreme danger of English 
coal mining. Great depth of mines, stifling heat, thin veins of 
coal, protracted toil in a recumbent position, poisonous gas, and 
deadly explosions are the inevitable conditions of British mining. 
That English miners should be willing to encounter all these priva- 
tions and perils for wages which scarcely save them from starvation 
shows a remarkable contentment under adversity, or great ignorance 
of the advantages which America offers. The mines of Missouri 
present a favorable contrast to the collieries of Britain. They are 
shallow, cool, and healthful. The thickness of the seams generally 
permits work in an erect position. Never, in a single instance, have 
the galleries of our coal mines been the scene of a fatal explosion. 
If the unembellished facts of our mineral resources and mining 
facilities could be diffused throughout the coal districts of England, 
thousands of British miners w^ould no longer sxibmit to their present 
hardships, but hasten to the favored State where higher wages and 
lighter labors would soon procure them a happy competency. 
The inducements which Missouri presents to the miner are great 
and substantial. Liberal wages will reward his service and enable 
him to satisfy his love of independence and home by the early 
acquisition of a freehold. Political equality, social respect, and 
material success await the myriads whom a knowledge of our 
mineral resources will soon make citizens of Missouri. 



20 
MANUFACTUKES OF MISSOURI. 



There is no branch of general industry to which Missouri has 
paid less attention than to manufactures. The rare advantages of 
the State have not been improved. The amount of our domestic 
products is by no means commensurate with our focilities for 
manufacture. The last census exhibits a palpable neglect of this 
department of industry. 

In 1860, the total value of our national manufactures was 
$1,900,000,000. The workshops of the country employed 1,400,000 
persons, and supported 5,000,000. The sum which Missouri con- 
tributed to this enormous aggregate is reproachfully small. In 
1860, the total number of manufacturing establishments in the State 
was 2,800. 

Their capital was $20,500,000 

Yalue of raw material 24,000,000 

" " annual product 43,500,000 

Number of workmen 21,000 

" " persons dependent upon manufactures 62,000 

A few comparisons will illustrate the insignificance of our 
manufactiires. 

CAPITAL OF MANUFACTORIES IN 1860. 



New Hampshire . . . $25,900,000 
Massachusetts 133,000,000 



Ohio $58,000,000 

New York 175,000,000 



VALUE OP RAW MATERIAL. 



New Hampshire . . . $24,400,000 
Massachusetts 141,000,000 



Ohio $70,000,000 

New York 210,000,000 



VALUE OF PRODUCT. 



New Hampshire . . . $45,500,000 
Massachusetts 266,000,000 



Ohio $125,000,000 

New York 379,000,000 



NUMBER OF WORKMEN. 



New Hampshire 36,000 

Massachusetts 217,000 



Ohio 81,000 

New York 221,000 



NUMBER OP PERSONS DEPENDENT UPON MANUFACTURES. 



New Hampshire 108,000 

Massachusetts 651,000 



Ohio 243,000 

New York 663,000 



NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. 



New Hampshire 2,582 

Massachusetts 7,766 



Ohio 10,710 

New York 23,236 



From this table it will be observed that Missouri, with an area 
more than seven times that of the Granite State, is still inferior to 
New Hampshire in manufacturing activity. Our want of energy 
is conspicuous in the very articles which Missouri is best fitted to 
produce. The following figures show the value of special products 
for the year 1860 : 



21 



FURNITURE. 



Missouri S200,000 

Massachusetts 3,365,000 



Ohio $3,700,060 

New York 7,175,000 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 



Missouri ?2S0,000 

Massachusetts 1,740,000 



Ohio $2,690,000 

New York 3,429,000 



Pia, BAR, AND ROLLED IRON. 



Missouri 81,110,000 

Massachusetts 1,694,000 



Ohio S3,000,000 

New York 3,600,000 



CAST IRON, 



Missouri $1,041,000 

Massachusetts 1,800,000 



Ohio 11.650,000 

New York 8,216,000 



MACHINERY. 

Missouri S750,000 

Massachusetts 5,131,000 



Ohio §4,855,000 

New York 10,484,000 



SAWED AND PLANED LUMBER. 



Missouri $3,700,000 

Massachusetts 2,288,000 



Ohio $5,600,000 

New York 12,485,000 



FLOUR AND MEAL. 



Missouri $8,997,000 

Massachusetts 4,196,000 



Ohio $27,129,000 

New York 35,000,000 



COAL. 



Missouri $8,200 

Illinois 964,000 



Ohio $1,539,000 

Pennsylvania 2,833,000 



LEATHER. 

Missouri $368,800 Massachusetts $10,354,000 



Pennsylvania 12,491,000 



New York 20,758,000 



BOOTS AND SHOES- 



Missouri $868,700 

Pennsylvania 8,179,000 



Massachusetts $46,440,000 

New York 10,878,000 



TOTAL PRODUCTS OP INDUSTRY. 



Missouri $43,500,000 

Pennsylvania 285,500,000 



Massachusetts $266,000,000 

New York 379,600,000 



PIG AND WROUGHT IRON IN 1865. 



Missouri $2,740,800 

Kentucky 3,208,000 



West Virginia $3,379,600 

Ohio 20,588,600 



In 1865, the value of the cotton manufactures of Massachusetts 
was nearly $100,000,000. 

But it may be justly alleged that thei^e is an obvious unfairness 
in instituting comparisons between young and old States. Con- 
sider indulgently the youth and servile impediments of the State, 
inake ever^^ allowance which a justice tempered with partiality may 



•2? 



require, and then the inference that Missouri has neglected its vast 
manufaetnring facilities is unavoidable. These statistics are ad- 



not to aggravate past remissness, but to stimulate futui'e 



duced 
effort. 

An era of greater activity has already begun. In St. Louis, 
for the year ending October 18G5, the United' States Assessor 
reports an average of ten licenses a day for the opening of new 
establishments. During the same period, there was an increase of 
5 per cent, in the manufacture of clothing, cotton fabrics, boots, 
shoes, iron and wooden ware. 

It is obviously unnecessary to enumerate the articles that ought 
to be manufactured in Missouri. There is scarcely a want or a 
luxury of human life which this State is not able to satisfy by 
products of domestic manufacture. 

Accessible forests of various and valuable lumber cover whole 
counties, and yet we import annually 150,000,000 feet of lumber, 
at a cost of $6,000,000. 

Admirable Avater power abounds in almost every part of the 
State, yet we allow the spendthrift streams to squander their 
energies. The daily flow of Gunther's Spring is 5,000,000 
cubic feet of water, and the discharge of Bryee's Spring is 
more than double that quantity. The water is so warm that it does 
not freeze. It is copious, unfailing, and iceless. Conditions more 
favorable to the manufacturer can hardly be imagined. This great 
power which is now running to waste should be set at the earliest 
moment to the music of machinery. It should be taught to drive 
the wheels of saw-mills and to whirl the spindles of woolen and 
cotton mills. No sound reason can be offered why this State should 
not produce its own textile fabrics. The only cotton mill in 
St. Louis has met with a success that ought to lead to the erection 
of other factories. 

Indian hemp is now assuming a commercial importance among 
the great staples of the world. The rapidity with which this com- 
modity has entered into the trade of nations recalls the earlier 
years and sudden expansion of the cotton traffic. The Commissioner 
of Internal Eevenue, in his last Eeport, gives the following table 
of the exports of Indian hemp. The average weight of the bales 
is 300 pounds. 



Tenrs. 


Unitwl States. 


Fisiicp. 


Grent Brit;iin. 


Otlier CoOTitries. 


Total pounds. 


1856 


20,474 


20,168 


248,651 


1,045 


87,101,400 


1857 


31,740 


24,055 


242,770 


2,555 


90,336,000 


1858 


38,308 


21,314 


197,441 


4,309 


78,411,600 


1859 


27,725 


28,713 


391,741 


1,519 


134,909,400 


1860 


1,704 


33,80-4 


360,725 


2,113 


119,503,800 


1861 


16,501 


36,283 


301,798 


1,426 


106,802,400 


1862 


17,807 


23,780 


365,505 


12,573 


125,899,500 


1863 


16,120 


12,555 


707,078 


13,794 


224,864,100 


1864 


16,646 


7,933 


552,748 


161,332 


221,597,700 


1865 


28,804 


8,999 


754,714 


26,260 


245,683,10& 



23 

The importation of jute into the United States is already very 
large. The extent of our imports is shown in the annexed exhibit : 

Yi-.im. Giinny-baKH. Pouiids. Yards of Giiniiy-clotli Poiimls. Total Weight. 

1856 6,423,200 12,846,400 23,358,000 40,635,750 62,482,150 

1857 4,669.650 9,339,300 15,003,570 31,882,,586 41,221,886 

1858 4,562^327 9,124,654 19,170,000 40,736,250 49,860,904 

1859 4,266,400 8,532,800 25,489,020 54,164,168 62,696,968 

1860 3,294,945 6,589,890 26,631,180 56,591,259 63,181,149 

1861 3,208,725 6,417,450 8,517,060 18,098,753 24,516,203 

1862 3,376,786 6,753,572 6,896,100 14,654,212 21,407,784 
.1863 3,703,000 7,406,000 669,600 1,422,900 8,828,900 

1864 2,676,300 5,352,000 392,400 833,850 6,186,450 

1865 6,875,215 13,750,430 1,834,920 3,899,205 17,649,635 
In 1865, 305,166 bales of jute were imported into the United 

States. It is important to notice the immediate source of these 

importations. 

From India, raw material :.... 8,641,200 pounds. 

" Great Britain, " " 3,000,000 

" " « manufactured goods.... 24,000,000 " 

« India " " 55,908,600 " 

Total 91,549,800 '^ 

The Commissioner very justly thinks that the 24,000,000 pounds 
of Indian fabrics which are imported from England should be man- 
ufactured in this country. The raw material should be brought 
directly from the land which produces it, and wrought into gunny- 
bags and burlaps in our own factories. This would not only secure 
to the United States the profits of manufacture, but cheapen the 
product and enlarge our trade with India. But perhaps it is pos- 
pible for us to obviate the necessity of importing jute. It is thought 
that some of our own lands are suited to the production of Indian 
hemp. An experiment whose success would increase the agricul- 
tural and manufacturing prosperity of the country ought to be 
subjected to an early and exhaustive trial. It may be found that 
the lands of Southern Missouri are fit for the growth of this staple. 
The successful culture of Indian hemp in this state would confer 
upon St. Louis a new facility for the distribution of the products of 
the Mississippi Valley. 

Flour ought to be one of our largest products. Our streams 
furnish a cheap motive power and the means of transportation. 
Our brands are the best in the Eastern Mai-kets. Yet, in 1860, the 
product of our flour mills was less than half the quantity made in 
Illinois. 

The annual cost of imported paper is millions of dollars. Paper 
factories vv^ould not only save our citizens this great expense, but 
convert our refuse cotton, flax, straw and sorghum into sources of 
wealth. The Spanish atocha or esparto — 50,000 tons of which are 
annually imported into England for the manufacture of paper — 
would doubtless thrive on the sterile slopes of the Ozark range, and 
become an important industrial interest. 



24 

After the completion of the Pacific Eailroad, St. Louis will 
become an entrepot of the precious metals extracted from the mines 
of the Eocky Mountains. Then, if the interests of the West are 
consulted, the National Government will establish in this city a 
branch mint, and individual enterprise will ei-ect factories in 
which silver and gold Avill be fashioned into articles of use and 
ornament. In the manufacture of watches, this country has already 
declared its independence of Europe, and it is very strange if 
American ingenuity and taste cannot equal the artistic skill of the 
Old World in the production of jewelry. 

The granites of Missouri are coarse and strong. They would 
make an excellent building material for stores and public edifices, 
but thus far the quarries have been left almost untouched. Marble 
has been brought to St. Louis from Vermont, and yet there are in 
this State numerous beds of compact, fine-grained, durable marble. 
The colors are various; white, blue, and yellow marbles are common. 
Other varieties are clouded, mottled with pink and purple, veined 
with spar, and capable of high polish. 

A fine lithographic stone is found in Macon county. A native 
specimen Avhich is an excellent substitute for the foreign article 
has recentl}'' been exhibited in this city. Bavaria may find a rival 
in Missouri. If the rest of the quarry proves to be as good as the 
sample, it will be a valuable element in the resources of the State. 
Lithographic stone is now selling in this market at from 10 to 30 
cents a poimd. Large blocks are very expensive. 

Missouri ought to manufacture her OAvn paints. The material 
is abundant. Blue, pink, purple, red, yellow and white paints can 
be made from the mineral which our own soil contains. White lead 
and the oxyd of zinc can be made in illimitable quantities from our 
own materials. The supply of ochres, barytes, uranium, manganese, 
cobalt, red chalk, China clay and terra di Siena exceeds any prob- 
able demand for the manufacture of paints. 

Fire-clay, rivaling the best deposits of Europe, i-s found within 
four miles of the St. Louis Court House. The bed is fifteen feet 
thick, and very extensive. An analysis shows the following elements : 

Silica.'. r 53,94 

Alumina, with some peroxide of iron 33,73 

Lime 1,17 

Magnesia a trace 

Water 10,94 

Total 90,78 

Fire-brick made of this clay is capable of resisting very high 
temperatures. The excellence of the material recommends it for 
retorts, alembics, crucibles, and furnaces. The kilns of this man- 
ufacture ought to be far more numerous. 

Formerly fire-rock was brought from remote States for the 
bloomaries at fronton. This fire-rock, imported at a very heavy 
expense, seldom lasted more than five months. But a few years 
ago, a geological examination discovered a superior quarry in the 



25 

immediate vicinitj' of Ironton. This fire-rock is very refractory, 
and often resists the heat of the furnaces for 17 months. 

Missouri is adapted to the manufacture of furniture and agricul- 
tural implements. Lumber and transportation are cheap. St. Louis 
shouhl be the factory and emporium of every kind of wood-worlv 
v.'hich the house and the farm require. It should manufacture 
everything from a chair to a piano — from a hand-rake to a patent 
reaper — from a wagon to a rail-car. In 1860, the value of the fur- 
niture and agricultural machinery produced in Missouri, Illinois, and 
New York, was respectively 6483,000, §3,425,000, and 610,000,000. 
This branch of manufactures, which is destined to be a prominent 
industry in Missouri, will yet increase the capital of the State by an 
annual product of millions of dollars. 

Adepts consider the plastic clay which is found at Commerce 
fully equal to that of Devonshire. It is as fine and almost as white 
as flour. The best potter's clay and kaolin exist m quantities that 
preclude the idea of exhaustion. All this State needs to become 
famous for its crockery and queen's ware is skilful labor from the 
potteries of Europe. The materials and capital for the manufacture 
of earthen v,'are and porcelain are abundant. Art alone is requisite. 

Near Ste. Genevieve there is a bank of saccharoidal sand which 
is twenty feet in height, and miles in extent. The mass is inex- 
haustible. Two analyses give the following result : 

Silica 98,81 99,02 

Lime 0,92 0,98 

The sand is very friable and nearly as white as snow. It is 
not oxydized or discolored by heat, and the glass made from it is 
clear and unstained. One firm in this city has annually exported 
more than 3,500 tons of this sand to the glass manufactories of 
Wheeling, Steubenville and Pittsburg. The possible benefit which 
this industry might confer upon St. Louis may be inferred from the 
statistics of the glass manufactories of Pittsburg. In 1866, in the 
exclusive manufacture of bottles and Avindow panes. 

The number of men and boys employed was 1,800 

^' ^' " tons of silica consumed 242,000 

'' amount of annual wages $1,396,500 

" value of annual product $2,160,000 

There are also 19 manufactories of flint glass in which 

The number of workmen is 2,300 

" amount of weeklv wages S19,000 

" value of the factories $1,298,000 

" number of bushels of coal 2.095,800 

" worth of yearly product $2,000,000 

There are in all 35 glass-works, employing a capital of $6,800,000 

A large portion of the silica used in the glass-factories of Pitts- 
burg is carried from Missouri. Instead of incun-ing the expense of 
two transportations and paying to distant establishments the cost 
of production, our own factories ought to meet all our domestic 
wants and supply the markets of the AVest. 



26 

There have lieen repeated instances of the importation of lead 
from New York into Missouri. While tlic earth beneath our feet is 
rich with iucalculable masses of galena, we satisfy the demamds 
of our internal commerce b_y importations fi'om the Atlantic 
frontier. There is no article made of lead that ought not to be pro- 
duced in our own factories. It is a reproach to our State that the 
orders of our lead market should be filled one thousand miles from 
its own metropolis. The few manufacturers who are converting our 
native ore into the commodities of commerce are rapidly enriching 
themselves. 

Our iron manufactures are altogether inadequate to meet the 
wants of Missouri. With three mountains of 'iron in our midst, we 
import almost all our hardware. Ore yielding 56 per cent, of pure 
iron can be bought at Pilot Knob for $1.50 per ton. At St. Louis, 
the price is ^3.50 a ton. This ore is carried to Pittsburg, manu- 
factured into nails, reshipped to our market, and sold, exclusive 
of freight, for $125 a ton. A ton of pig iron is sold to a Boston 
manufacturer for $65. It is shipped to its destination by way of 
New Orleans. At the Eastern factory it is wrought into files and 
then sent back to the starting point. One-half of the material is 
lost in the ])rocess of manufacture, but the half-ton of files costs the 
St. Louis merchant more than $1,000. 

St. Louis imports railroad iron from Cambria, Pa. The cost at 
the works is $85 a ton: the freight to St. Louis is $20 a ton. Hence 
our merchants are paying more than $100 a ton for railroad iron 
which home manufactories ought to supply at one-third of this cost. 
The Union Pacific has already expended $2,200,000 for rails. Two 
years ago, this Company paid for rails, delivered at their destina- 
tion, $140 a ton. The present price is $120 a ton. It is estimated 
that the railroads of Missouri will need, during the year 1867, 50,000 
tons of railroad iron. This will cost, at the low average of $100 a 
ton, $5,000,000. The expenditure of so large a sum in our own 
foundries would save freight, pay the price of manufacture to our 
own machinists, foster domestic industries, and invigorate the 
business activities of the city. These are only representative facts. 
Hundreds of such illustrations might be presented. Our iron-mills 
ought to be equal to our resources. With coal and wood abundant 
and cheap, wath masses of ore which centuries cannot exhaust, 
St. Louis, or its vicinity, oxight to be the great central machine-shop 
of the West. Our iron-works should rival those of Pittsburg, 
Birmingham, and Sheffield. The importation of iron manufactures 
into Missouri should speedily cease. Ever}" kind of tools and 
machinery, every article of iron or steel, from the hair spring of a 
watch to the largest engine, from a nail to a 20-inch columbiad, 
should be fashioned in our own establishments. 

Sugar, if not a necessity, is one of the prime luxuries of life. 
The quantity of sugar consumed in the United States in 1865 was 
about 800,000,000 pounds. JSTew Yorlv, whose refineries exceed in 
capacity of production those of all the rest of the country, compels 
the other States to pay tribute to her enterprise. But in this branch 
of manufacture, St. Louis has made creditable progress. Under 



27 

prudent and sagacious management, the St. Loiiis Eefinerj — to 
whose able President I am indebted for the subsequent facts — has 
expanded into an establishment whose annual transactions amount 
to more than §3,000;000. In 1866, it refined 22,000,000 pounds 
of raw sugar. The cost of the sugar imported into the United 
States in 1866 was — exclusive of the import of three cents a 
pound payable in coin — §40,000,000 in gold. Missouri will doubtless 
be able to co-operate with the ISTorth West in preventing this large 
export of treasure. 

France and Germany manufacture most of the sugar which 
they use from beets of domestic growth. This sugar enjoys no 
immunities. It is secured against foreign competition by no pro- 
tective tariff. It is subject to the same duties as the product of the 
tropic cane. And yet it not only sustains itself, but successfully 
competes with the sugars of Cuba and Java. Of the present crop, 
100,000,000 pounds will be exported from France to England. There 
is no need of going to Havana for our sugars. Our Western 
prairies can equal the saccharine riches of the Indies. They yield 
as fruitful crops of the sugar beet as France or Germany. Anal- 
yses made at Chicago, and at Washington by the Agricultural 
Bureau, show that the American beet contains as large a percentage 
of pure sugar as the European beet. It has also been ascertained 
that the American beet can, in high latitudes, be preserved through 
the winter uninjured. A company, with a capital of §160,000 has 
purchased 2,000 acres of land in Northern Illinois for the purpose 
of raising beets and manufacturing sugar. The experiment will 
certainly succeed, if the managers are careful to procure proper 
machinery, skilful labor and scientific supervision. The quantity 
of beet sugar which the West is capable of producing may be calcu- 
lated from the estimated crop of foreign countries in 1865 : 

Holland 10,000,000 pounds. 

Poland and Sweden 30,000,000 " 

Belgium 55,000,000 " 

Russia 100,000,000 " 

Austria 190,000,000 " 

Zoll Verein 370,000,000 " 

France 510,000,000 " 

The aggregate 1,265,000,000 " 

is more than one-third of the annual consumption of Europe. In 
1866, the sugar crop of France was 540,000,000 pounds. 

A cultivation of the sugar beet commensurate with the area 
adapted to its growth would add hundreds of millions of dollars 
annually to the wealth of the West. In the development of this 
new growth, Missouri ought actively to participate. The mildness 
of our climate is the only obstacle to success. The temperature 
must be sufficiently cold to prevent germination during the winter 
months. If the beet sprouts, it becomes unfit for the manufacture 
of sugar. Our Ioav latitude does not preclude the raising of the 
beet, and if our Winters are unfavorable to its saccharine qualities. 



28 

the crop can be shipped to manufactories further North. Appar- 
ently nothing can prevent the culture of the beet from becoming 
one of the most profitable resources of Missouri. Beet sugar of 
domestic manufacture is not subject to any excise. Last year, a 
company of Germans, in Livingston county Illinois, engaged in the 
manufacture of beet sugar. Mr. Bender gives the following results 
of the experiment. More than 4,000 tons of beets were raised from 
■too acres of land. The cost of cultivation was less than $4: a ton. 
The varieties of beet wei-e the ''Imperial" and "White iSilesian". 
The Juice contained from 9 to 13^ per cent, of sugar. The beets 
yielded 7* per cent, of superior raw sugar, or 5] per cent, of a qual- 
ity fully equal to the refined ''B" sugars of New York brand. 
If better processes of manufacture had been used, this crop of 
beets would have produced 450,000 pounds of refined sugar. The 
period of granulation varied from 27 to 72 hours. This experi- 
ment, conducted under grave difficulties, justifies sanguine hopes 
of American success in the manufacture of beet sugar. The Frendb, 
w^ho make $50,000,000 worth of beet sugar annually, claim that 
the yield of beets is less fluctuating and more profitable than that 
of sugar cane. 

Sorghum, too, is rich in saccharine elements. From its easy 
cultivation and great productiveness, this vegetable may yet become 
one of our most fruitful sources of domestic sugars. The yield is 
from 120 to 350 gallons of juice per acre. By the aid "of late 
chemical discoveries, the saccharine matter can now be economi- 
cally graniilated. Sugar and e^Tup, refined by the Clough process, 
are destitute of the peculiar acrid taste which distinguishes sorghum. 
If sugar can be manufactured from this material as cheaply as 
from cane or beet, then sorghum will at once become one of the 
heaviest and most valuable staples of the State. The quantity of 
sorghum w^hich Missouri can produce is almost illimitable. 

By an improved process of recent discovery, an excellent eyrup 
can be profitably made from corn. A bushel of corn yields three 
gallons of syrup. The residuum is useful for fodder. If the 
chemist could only convert starch into sugar, he could transmute 
our cereals into a wealth surpassing the golden miracles of Midas. 
Corn Avould no longer be used for fuel. But sugar can be made from 
the juice of the cornstalk. There is now a specimen of this kind 
of sugar in the Laboratory of Washington University. It is not 
grape but genuine cane sugar. The discoveries of chemistry may 
yet render this an extensive and lucrative manufacture. But, at 
present, there is no proliabilit}^ that corn Avill supplant the cane and 
beet in the production of sugar. 

An exclusively agricultural State never reaches the highest 
material prosperity. The wealth of nations is largely dependent 
upon variety of industries. A diversity of occupations creates a 
higher social intelligence, a more rapid interchange of ideas among 
the members of a community, better markets, a quicker circulation 
of money, greater economy of materiel, atid ampler internal re- 
sources. The superintendent of the Cambria Iron Works, at 



29 

Johnstown, Pa., recently comnnmicated to the Conimissioncr of 

Internal Revenue some very significant and illustrative statistics. 

The quantity of food annually consumed by the population 

dependent upon the compaii}" is : 



Beef cattle 2,000 head 

Sheep 3,000 



Swine 4,000 head 

Flour 20,000 bbls. 



Johnstown furnishes a ready market for all kinds of agricul- 
tural products. The supply of butter, eggs-, fruits and vegetables is 
not equal to the demand. Large quantities are imported from the 
neighboring markets. Unimproved land within seven miles of the 
Cambria furnaces is worth from ^150 to 300 per acre. Similar land, 
lying beyond the influence of the Iron Works, is worth but §20 per 
acre. The effect of this manufactory upon the value of real estate 
is perceptible for fifty miles. In 1864 and 1865, this establishment 
paid to its workmen $2,995,270. As the earnings of a manual 
laborer are mostly expended upon the means of living, a large 
proportion of this great aggregate must have gone into the pockets 
of the adjacent farmers. 

This instance may be taken as a general illustration of the 
influence of any kind of manufactory upon a neighborhood. Eeal 
estate and the products of the farm are always lowest where manu- 
factories do not exist. Hence the people of Missouri are buying 
the manufactures of other States at the highest prices, and paying 
for them with agricultural productions at the lowest rates. It does 
not require a very profound study of political economy to ascertain 
that it is not an enriching process to purchase costly foreign fabrics 
with cheap domestic harvests. With an abundance of raw material 
at home, we are paying external manufacturers high prices for their 
goods and incurring the heavy expense of transportation. St. Louis 
annually imports from Boston alone about $5,000,000 worth of boots 
and shoes. Instead of this outlay, other communities ought to be 
tributary to our own shoe factories. We are now paying out what 
other States ought to pay in. The great value which industry adds 
to material is all lost to us. The cost of production impoverishes 
us in just the proportion in which it enriches others. 

Different kinds of manufactories utilize the various raw mate- 
rial of the State. At present, only the leading staples can boar the 
cost of transportation. Many articles of economic value are wasted, 
simply because there is no home consumption. It does not pay to 
send them to a remote market — the freight consumes all the profit. 
Missouri loses millions of dollars every year by this waste of avail- 
able material. In a community where manufactories are numerous 
and varied, no commodity is lost. Every kind of raw material 
which has a- commercial value commands its price and is fabricated 
into articles for the use of man. A thousand substances which home 
manufactories coidd transform into useful products now perish 
unused and worthless. 

The gravest arguments of political economy urge Missouri to 
beeome a manufacturing State. By the adoption of this policy, we 
should enhance the value of real estate, raise the price of farm 



30 

products, furniph employment to thousands of artizans, utilize all 
our raw material, coin into Avealth the labor of production, pay to 
our own workmen the cost of fabrication, save the expense of 
transportation from remote manufactories, improve our own 
markets, secure the golden patronage of neighboring States, enlarge 
the amount and quicken the activity of capital, increase the 
operations and profits of agriculture and commerce, diffuse a knowl- 
edge of the arts, and promote intercourse, exchange of ideas, and 
the progi'css of Missouri to material greatness. 



ST. LOUIS THE COMMEKCIAL CENTRE OF NORTH AMERICA. 



St. Louis is ordained by the decrees of physical nature to 
become the great inland metropolis of this continent. It can not 
escape the magnificence of its destiny. Greatness is the necessity 
of its position. New York may be the head, but St. Louis will be 
the heai't of America. The stream of traffic which must flow through 
this mart will enrich it with alluvial deposits of gold. Its central 
location and facilities of communication unmistakably indicate the 
leading part which this city will take in the exchange and distrib- 
ution of the products of the Mississippi Valley. St. Louis is situated 
iipon the west bank of the Mississippi, at an altitude of 400 feet 
above the level of the sea. It is far above the highest floods that 
ever swell the Father of waters. Its latitude is 38 deg. 37 min. 
28 sec. north, and its longitude 90 deg. 15 min. 16 sec. west. It is 
20 miles below the mouth of the Missouri, and 200 above the con- 
fluence of the Ohio. 

Miles. 

Distance by river from St. Louis to Keokuk is 200 

" " " Burlington 260 

" « " Eock island 350 

" « « Dubuque 470 

« « « St. Paul 800 

« « " Cairo 200 

" « " Memphis 440 

« << « Vicksburg 830 

« « " New Orleans 1,240 

" « " Louisville 580 

« « « Cincinnati 720 

" « « Pittsburgh 1,200 

« « " Leavenworth 500 

« « « Omaha 800 

« « N " Sioux City 1,000 

" « « Fort Benton 3,100 



31 

Distance by rail from St. Louis to Indianapolis 200 

" " " Chicago 280 

" " " Cincinnati 340 

" " " Cleveland 470 

" " " Pittsburgh 650 

" " « Buffalo 650 

" " " New York 1^)00 

" " " Lawrence 320 

« " " Denver 880 

« " « Salt Lake 1,300 

" " « Virginia City 1,900 

« « « San Francisco 2,300 

St. Louis very nearly bisects the direct distance of 1,400 miles 
between Supei'ior City and the Balize. It is the geographical centre 
of a valley Avhich embraces 1,200,000 square miles. In its course 
of 8,200 miles, the Mississippi borders upon Missouri 470 miles. 
Of the 3,000 miles of the Missouri, 500 lie within the limits of our 
own State. St. Louis is mistress of more than 16^500 miles of river 
navigation. 

This metropolis, though in the infancy of its greatness, is already 
a large city. Its length is about eight miles, and its width three. 
Suburban residences, the outposts of the grand advance, are now 
stationed six or seven miles from the river. The present population 
of St. Louis is 204,300. In 1865, the real and pergonal property 
of the city was assessed at $100,000,000, and in 1866 at $126,877,000. 

St. Louis is a well built city, but its architecture is rather sub- 
stantial than showy. The wide, well paved streets, the spacious 
levee, and commodious warehouses; the mills, machine shops, and 
manufactories; the fine hotels, churches, and public buildings; the 
universities, charitable institutions, public schools and libraries^ 
constitute an array of excellences and attractions of which any 
city may justly be proud. The Lindell and Southern Hotels are 
two of the largest and most magnificent structures which the world 
has ever dedicated to public hospitality. The Lindell is itself a 
village. * 

The appearance of St. Louis from the eastern bank of the 
Mississippi is impressive. At East St. Louis, the e^'e sometimes 
commands a view of 100 steamboats lying at our levee. Not- 
withstanding the departure of more than 40 boats for Montana^ 
there are at this date 70 steamers in the port of St. Louis. 
A mile and a half of steamboats is a spectacle which naturally 
inspires large views of commercial greatness. The sight of our 
levee, thronged with busy merchants and covered with the 
commodities of every clime, from the peltries of the Eocky 
Mountains to the teas of China, does not tend to lessen the mag- 
nitude of the impi'ession. 

*0n the 30th of last March, this superb edifice was burned to the ground. But the 
public-spirited citizens of St. Louis have formally resolved to restore it in all its original 
magnificence. More than $800,000 have already been raised for this object. 



32 



891 



925 



The groAvth of St. Louis, though greatly rclarded by social 
iustitutions, has been rapid. The population of the city was in 

1837 12,040 

1840 16,469 

1844 34,140 

1850 74,439 

1852 94,000 

185G 125,200 

1859 185,587 

1866 204,327 



1769 

1795 

1810 1,400 

1820 4,928 

1828 5,000 

1830 5,852 

1833 6,397 

1835 , . . . . 8,316 



In 1866, 1,400 buildings, worth ?3,500,000, were erected in 
St. Louis. The total number of structures in the cit}' is now 
about 20,000, and their approximate value is $50,000,000. 

At the present rate of decennial increase, St. Louis in 1900 
would contain more than 1,000,000 inhabitants. This number cer- 
tainly seems to exceed the present probability of realization, but the 
future growth of St. Louis, vitalized by the mightiest forces of a 
free civilization and quickened by the exchanges of a continental 
commerce, ought to surpass the rapidity of its past development. 

The Ecal Estate in St. Louis was in 



1859 assessed at. 

1860 " " . 

1861 " " 

1862 " '< . 



s^69,846,845 
73,765,670 
57,537,415 
40,240,450 



1863 assessed at. 

1864 " " . 

1865 « " . 

1866 " " . 



§49,409,030 
53,205,820 
73,960,700 
81,961,610 



In 1866, the valuation of the Eeal and Personal propei'ty in 
St. Louis on which the Statq and Militarv taxes were levied 
Avas 8126,877,000. 

The amount of Duties collected at the St. Louis Custom House 
was in 

1861 $30,183.96 1864 $76,448.43 

1862 20,404.70 1865 586,407.47 

1863 36,622.09 1866 785,652.30 

The amount of imposts paid at the port of Chicago during the 
fiscal year ending Dec. 31, 1866, was $509,643.39 in coin. 

The duties collected during the same period at this port 
amounted to $60,176.45 in currency, and 780,706.97 in gold. 

Only about one-fifth of the customs levied on goods imported 
into St. Louis are collected at this point. St. Louis is only a Port 
of Delivery. The imposts upon our foreign merchandise are chiefly 
paid at the Ports of Entry. 

The present system of foreign importation is unfavorable to 
the commercial interests of St. Louis. This city should be made a 
Port of Entiy. The goods of St. Louis importers are now subjected 
to great delay and expense at New Orleans. The mxmicipal author- 
ities do not permit the merchandise to lie on the landing more than 
five days. If the requisite papers are not made out within that time, 
the goods are sent to bonded warehouses. This contingency not 
unfrequently occurs. The press of business or ofiicial slowness 
often delays the issue of the Custom House pass beyond the spec- 



33 

ified time, and then the western importer is subject to the serious 
expense which the draj^age to the AA'arehouse, loss of time, and fre- 
quent damage to the goods involve. The gravity of this embarrass- 
ment forces many of our merchants to pay the duties at ISTew Orleans. 
This course saves delay and expense. The Eevenue laws recognise 
no distinction between the actual payment of duties and the trans- 
portation bond. But practically there is an important diiference. 
In case the impost is paid at New Orleans, the goods are almost 
always forwarded within five days; but when the merchandise is 
shipped under a transportation bond, the detention is very frequently 
ten days, and sometimes a month. In the former instance, any 
package can be forwarded as soon as the duty is paid; but, in the 
latter case, the imports cannot be dispatched to their destination till 
the entire shipment has passed the inspection of the Custom House. 
In consequence of these injiist discriminations against St. Louis, 
many of our largest importers, notwithstanding the inconvenience 
of keeping gold on deposit at New Orleans, prefer to pay the duties 
on their foreign goods at the Port of Entry. 

An excessive and unnecessary delay at the New Orleans Custom 
House recently subjected one of our merchants to a loss of $8 a ton 
on a shipment of iron. 

Last season, another of our importers ordered a large stock 
of Christmas goods. The articles reached New Orleans in season, 
but were detained there till after the holidays. They must now be 
kept, with loss and deterioration, for another year ; and before 
next Christmas, they may become comparatively worthless by 
changes of mode and new directions of public taste. 

These examples illustrate the importance of time in com- 
mercial transactions. 

The Government could easily obviate all the difficulties which 
our importers now experience by making St. Louis a Port of Entry. 
The commercial embarrassments of the present system need imme- 
diate removal. In the event of the proposed change, frauds upon 
the Government could be prevented by reshipping the goods at 
New Orleans nnder the eye of the Custom House aiithorities, 
keeping them during the voyage under lock and key, and, if neces- 
sary, subjecting them on the })assage to the surveillance of a 
Eevenue officer. Diiring the rebellion, the shipments of merchandise 
to southern ports were placed under similar supervision. The 
satisfactory operation of this sj'stem, amid all the liabilities to 
abuse which exist in times of civil turbulence, warrants the convic- 
tion that the proposed plan would, in a period of peace, prove 
eminently successful. 

If Congress respects commercial rights, St. Louis will soon 
become a Port of Entry. 

From the records of the United States Assessor, it appears 
that in 1865 the sales of 612 St. Louis firms amounted to 
§140,688,856. Eor the same year, the imports of this city reached 
an aggregate of 8235,873,875. 

The manufactures of St. Louis constitnte an important element 
in our commercial transactions. In 1860, the capital invested iti 

3 



34 

manufactures was $9,205,205, and the value of the product w\h 
$21,772,323. In 1866, the mills of this city made 820,000 barre s 
of flour. 

In 1805, our receipts of grain, including flour, were 17,657,250 bushel . 
" 1866, " " '' 20,855,280 " 

" 1865, exports " " 13,427,000 " 

" 1866, '' " « 18,680,500 " 

St. Louis, though the eighth city in the United States in popi 
lation, ranks as seventh in the importance of its manufacturei 
Missouri might profitably imitate the activity of its metropolis. 

The extent of our social and commercial intercourse with th 
rest of the world may be inferred from the postal statistics of th: ■* 
depai^tment. In 1865, the number of letters which passed throug 
the St. Louis Post Office for distribution, mail, or delivery, wa . 
about 11,000,000. In 1866, the total sura of postage collected, 
including the sale of stamps, was more than $195,000; and th • 
amount of money orders paid was $145,000. In postal importance 
St. Louis is the fifth city of the Union. 

The earnings of our railroads indirectly exhibit the magnitud ^ 
of our trade. For the fiscal year of 1865, the total receipts o: 
the Iron Mountain were $424,700; North Missouri $1,013,000, 
Missouri Pacific and Southwest Branch, $1,939,000; Hannibal an»; 
St. Joseph, $2,000,000. In 1866, the earnings of the Missouri Pacific 
were $2,670,000. The returns of the Union Pacific for Novembe; 
1866 were $77,869. The Directors estimate their monthly receipti. 
for 1867 at $100,000. 

In 1865, the total number of passengers, by river or rail, who 
made St. Louis their destination, or a point of transit, amounted to 
1,180,000; and, in 1866, 1,250,000. 

In 1866, the number of houses and firms doing business in 
St. Louis was 5,500, and the number of commercial licenses issued 
during the same year was 4,800. 

The tonnage owned and enrolled in the district of St. Louis in 
1865 was 97,000 tons. On the first of January 1867, the amount 
of our steam tonnage, exclusive of a large number of barges and 
canal boats w^iich made occasional trips, was 106,600 tons, with a 
carrying capacity of 186,000 tons, and a value of 10,376,000. 

Our commerce is aided by ample banking facilities. There 
are in St. Louis, in addition to 20 private banks, 38 Insurance 
Companies, 31 incorporated banking institutions, with an actual 
capital of $15,000,000. The character of our banks stands deserv- 
edly high in the financial world. The development of the territories 
is bringing large deposits to our bank's, creating new demands for 
■capital, and extending the channels of circulation. 

Our trade with the mountains is large and rapidly increasing. 
In 1865, 20 boats set out from this port for Poi't Benton — which is 
more than 3,000 miles from St. Louis — with a total freight of 
6,000,000 pounds. 

In 1866, 50 boats sailed for Fort Benton, with an aggregate 
tonnage of 10,284 tons. In three instances the cost of assorted 
goods was as follows : 



35 

13 tons of merchandise §12,000 

35 " " 40,000 

40 " " 65,000 

Mean cost per ton '. 1,300 

The agent who furnishes these facts feels authorized by his 
experience in the trade of the Upper Missouri to appraise a ton of 
Montana merchandise at $1,000. 

The following table is an approximate estimate, based upon 
the preceding data, of our commerce with Montana, for the year 1866 : 

Number of boats 50 

" " passengers 2,500 

Pounds of freight 13,000,000 

Value of merchandise §6,500,000 

The trade across the plains is of still greater magnitude. The 
overlan \ freight from Atchison alone has increased from 3,000,000 
pounds in 1861 to 21,500,000 in 1865. 

The Overland Dispatch Company have courteously furnished 
me with estimates, founded upon their own transactions, of our 
total commerce with the territories in 1865. These figures do not 
include the Fort Benton trade. 

Number of passengers east and west by overland coaches , 4,800 
" '< " " by trains and pri- 
vate conveyances 50,000 

Number of wagons 8,000 

" " cattle and mules 100,000 

Pounds of freight to Pkttsmouth 3,000,000 

« « Leavenworth City 6,000,000 

« " Santa Fe 8,000,000 

" « St. J oseph 10,000,000 

" « Nebraska City 15,000,000 

" " Atchison 25,000,000 

Government freight 50,000,000 

Total number of pounds 117,000,000 

Amount of treasure carried by express $3,000,000 

" " " by private conveyance 30,000,000 

The Overland Express charge 3 per cent, for the transportation 
of bullion. This high commission and the hostility of the Indian 
tribes induced many miners to send their gold East by the way of 
San Francisco to Panama. 

In 1866, the total assay of bullion in the United States was 
$81,389,540. Of this a^gi^egate, 873,032,800 came from the Pacific 
and Rocky Mountain mines. Upon the usual estimate that 25 per 
cent, of the gold and silver escapes assay, the entire product of the 
country in 1866 was' $100,000,000. The increase of population in 
the gold regions, the richness of recent discoveries, and greater 
activity in mining operations indicate a still larger aggregate in 1867. 

In 1866, the westward trafiic of Leavenworth amounted to 
$50,000,000. This aggregate inclades the Santa F6 trade, whose 



36 

value last year M^as about $35,000^000. Tlie Western trade of 
ISTebraska City was in 

1863 16,800;000 pounds. 

1864 23,000,000 " 

1865 i:. .•.■.. 44,000,000 " 

1866 30,000,000 " 

The freightage from this point across the Plains required, in 

1865, 11,739 men, 10,311 wagons, 10,123 mules, and 76,596 oxen. 
So great is the length of the overland routes that the trains are 

able to make but two through trips a year. 

The Union Pacific Eailroad already extends to Fort Ilarker. 

This materially shortens the extent of overland freightage. 

Distance from St. Louis to Port Harker 508 miles. 

" " Fort Harker to Denver 372 " 

" " " " Salt Lake City 800 " 

" " " « Virginia City 1432 ". 

The length of these lines of transportation, the slowness of our 
present means of communication, and the magnitude of our terito- 
rial population and trade, forcibly illustrate the necessity of a 
Pacific Eailraod. 

The foregoing summaries exhibit the commerce of the Missis- 
sippi Valley with the mountains. But while St. Louis does not 
monopolize the trade of the gold regions, it yet sends to the terri- 
tories by far the largest portion of their supplies. Even in cases 
where merchandise has been procured at intermediate points, it is 
probable that the goods were originally purchased at St. Louis. 

During the rebellion, the commercial transactions of Cincinnati 
and Chicago doubtless exceeded those of St, Louis. The very 
events which prostrated our trade stimulated theirs into an un- 
natural activity. Their sales Avere enlarged by the trafiic which 
was wont to seek this market. Our loss was their gain. 

The Southern trade of St. Louis was utterly destroyed by the 
blockade of the Mississippi. The disruption by civil commotions of 
our commercial intercourse with the interior of Missouri was nearly 
complete. The trade of the Northern States, bordering upon the 
Mississippi, w^as still unobstructed. But the merchants of St. Louis 
could not afford to buy commodities which they were unable to sell, 
and country dealers would not purchase their goods where they 
could not dispose of their produce. Thus St. Louis, with every 
market wholly closed or greatly restricted, was smitten with a 
commercial paralysis. The prostration of business was general 
and disastrous. No comparison of claims can be just which ignores 
the circumstances that, during the rebellion, retarded the com- 
mercial growth of St. Louis, yet fostered that of rival cities. 

Nothing more clearly demonstrates the. geographical superior- 
ity of St. Louis than the action of the Government during the war. 
Notwithstanding the sti-enous competition of other cities, our facil- 
ities for distribution and a due regard for its own interests com- 
pelled the Grovernment to make St. Louis the Western base of sup- 
plies and transportation. During the rebellion, the transactions of 



o 



7 



the Goverument at this point were vciy large. General Parsons, 
Chief of Transportation in the Mississippi Yalley, submits the 
following as an approximate summary of the operations in his 
department from 1860 to 1865: 

Amount of Transportation. 

(hnnon and Caissons 800 

Wagons 13,000 

Cattle ;...: 80,000 

Horses and Mules 250,000 

Troops 1,000,000 

Pounds of Military Stores 1,950,000,000 

General Parsons thinks that full one half of all the trans- 
portation emploj^ed by the Government on the Mississippi and its 
tributaries was furnished by St. Louis. 

From September 1, 1861, to December 31, 1865, General Haines, 
Chief Commissary of this department, expended at St. Louis, for the 
purchase of subsistence stores, 150,700,000. 

During the wai". General Myers, Chief Quartermaster of this 
department, disbursed at this city, for supplies, transportation and 
incidental expenses, $180,000,000." 

The I^ational exigencies forced the Government to select the " 
best point of distribution. The choice of the Federal authorities is 
a conclusive proof of the commercial superiority of St. Louis. 

The conquest of treason has restored to this mart the use of 
its natural facilities. Trade is rapidly regaining its old channels. 
On its errands of exchange, it penetrates every State and Territory 
in the Mississippi Valley, from Alabama and New Mexico to Minne- 
sota and Montana. It navigates every stream that pours its trib- 
utary waters into the Mississippi. It visits the islands of the sea, 
traverses the ocean, and explores foreign lands. 

Before the war, almost all the Western trade in coffee and 
sugar was carried on by way of New Orleans. The interruption 
of traffic, by the blockade of the Mississippi Eiver, changed the 
channels of commerce. By the necessities of the country, trade was 
forced into unnatural courses. New York, by its limitless capital 
and enterprise, has obtained a brief control over a trade that right- 
fully belongs to the West. As soon as the country regains its 
normal condition and commerce resumes its natural flow, the West 
will inevitably assert its former and legitimate ascendency in this 
branch of business. Most of the coffee used in the West is brought 
from Eio Janeiro. Water carriage is always the cheapest means 
of transportation. The rail from New York cannot compete with 
the river from New Orleans. Besides, the Gulf route is the shortest 
distance between St. Louis and Eio Janeiro. The cost, then, of im- 
porting Eio Coffee to this point is much less by New Orleans than 
by New York. An urgent necessity exists for the establishment of 
lines of steamers between New Orleans and South American ports. 

A direct trade with the West Indies and South America would, 
from our superior facilities of transj)ortation, not only place the 
control of the grocery business of the Northwest in our hands, 



38 

but also greatly enlarge our exportations. The West conRunies far 
more cotfee proportionately than the East. South America uses 
large quantities of Western flour. There would then be a steady 
and growing interchange of commodities between these countries. 
Missouri flour is the best in the American market. This is an 
important advantage in favor of St. Louis. It is a well-ascertained 
fact that the flour made from grain grown in this latitude bears the 
voyage to South American ports better than any other. The ex- 
perience of exporters verifies this assertion. Our flour is then not 
only the finest in the United States for home consumption, but also 
the best for exportation to tropical countries. 

St. Louis ought to cultivate more intimate commercial relations 
with Brazil. Prior to our acquisition of Eussian America, the area 
of this country was 500,000 square miles larger than that of 
the United States. Its present population is nearly 10,000,000. 
Of its principal maritime cities. 

Para contains 30,000 inhabitants. 

Pernambuco 80,000 " 

Bahia 130,000 " 

Rio Janeiro. 400,000 " 

The exports of Brazil are coff'ee, hides, sugar, caoutchouc, rose- 
wood, mahogany, Brazil wood, cinchona, logwood, cotton, rice, 
Barsaparilla, sassafras, ipecacuanha, cacao, vanilla, cloves, cinna- 
mon, and tamarinds. 

In 1856, the value of the commodities imported from Brazil 
into the United States was 

Brazil wood $32,000 

" nuts 43,000 

Rosewood 81,460 

Hair 138,240 

Sugar 513,450 

India rubber 771,320 

Raw hides 1,930,220 

Coff'ee 16,091,700 

In 1857, this country imported from Brazil 197,000,000 pounds 
of coffee, worth $17,980,'000. In the same year, Brazil exported to 
foreign markets 256,000,000 pounds of sugar. 

In exchange for these valuable commodities, Brazil needs lard, 
pork, hams, flour, pine lumber, agricultural implements, textile 
fabrics, and other manufactures. These articles are the chief staples 
of western growth and production. The Mississippi Yalley is able 
to supply most of the commercial wants of Brazil. St. Louis, as the 
main distributing point of the West, ought to take the lead in this. 
grand system of mercantile exchanges. A vast commerce must soon, 
spring up between the metropolis of this Valley and the ports of 
South America. But, at present, our exports to Brazil are entirely 
disproportioned to our ability to meet the commercial wants of 
that country. In 1854—55, the trade of England with South America 
was five times as large as that of the United States. 
Li 1860, the value of our American imports from Brazil was $20,000,000 
« u a exports to " " 6,000,000 



39 

These figures show that this country is Bot a successful compet- 
itor for the rich trade of South America, More enei'getic rivals 
are enriching themselves with the opulence of this commerce. 

The wants of the ITnited States and Brazil are coraplementarv. 
Each country needs the productions of the other. The West is the 
fruitful and main source of those commodities which South America 
requires. St. Louis, as the chief emporium of the Mississippi Valley, 
is able, by the vast expansion which it can cause in this tropic 
trade, to turn the commercial balance in favor of the United Statea 
and itself become the central distributing point of Brazilian staples. 

But St. Louis can never realize its splendid possibilities without 
effort. The trade of the vast domain lying east of the Rocky 
Mountains and south of the Missouri river is naturally tributary 
to this mart. St. Louis, by the exercise of forecast and vigoi', can 
easily control the commerce of 1,000,000 square miles. But there 
is urgent need of exertion. Chicago is an energetic rival. Its 
lines of railroad pierce every portion of the l^orthwest. It draws 
an immense commerce by its network of railways. The meshes 
which so closely interlace all the adjacent country gather rich treas- 
ures from the tides of commerce. Chicago is vigorously extending 
its lines of road across Iowa to the Missouri river. The completion 
of these roads will inevitably divert a portion of the Montana trade 
from this city to Chicago. The energy of an unlineal competitor 
may usurp the legitimate honors of the imperial heir. 

St. Louis can not afford to continue the masterly inactivity 
of the old regime. A traditional and passive trust in the eificacy 
of natural advantages will no longer be a safe policy. St. Louis 
must make exertions equal to its strength and v/orthy of its 
opportunities. It must not only form great plans of commercial 
empire, but must execute them with an energy defiant of failure. 
It must complete its projected railroads to the mountains, and 
span the Mississippi at St. Louis with a bridge whose solidity 
of masonry shall equal the massiveness of Roman architecture, 
and whose grandeur shall be commensurate with the future 
greatness of the Mississippi Valley. The structure whose arches 
will bear the transit of a continental commerce should vie with the 
great works of all time, and be a monum'ent to distant ages of the 
triumph of civil engineering and the matei'ial glory of the Great 
Republic. 

Since these sentences were written, a company, composed of 
-men of large means and sterling integrity, has been incorporated 
for the purpose of erecting a bridge across the Mississippi at this 
point. The executive and financial ability of its members is a. 
guarantee of efficient action and an early accomplishment of this 
great work. The length of the bridge, together with its approaches, 
will be about 3500 Veet, and the probable cost $5,000,000. The 
material of the structxire will be steel. Chas. K. Dickson is Pres- 
ident of the Company, and James B. Eads, the distinguished 
inventor, is Chief Engineer, 



40 

The initial steps for the erection of a bridge across the Missoitri 
at St. Charles have already been taken. The work should be pushed 
forward with untiring energy to its consummation. 

The iron, stone and timber necessarj' for these structures can 
he obtained within a few miles of St. Louis, and the greater part 
of the material can be transported by water. The construction 
of public works whose cost would be millions of dollars would 
aiford employment to thousands of laborers, and give fresh impulse 
to the prosperity of St. Louis. 

A full and persistent presentation of the superior claims of 
Carondelet ought to induce the Government to establish a naval 
station at that point. The supply of labor and materiel which a 
navy yard would require would be another source of wealth to 
Missouri and its metropolis. 

The effect of improvements upon the business of the city may 
be illustrated by the operations of our city elevator. The elevator 
cost ^450,000, and has a capacity of 1,250,000 bushels. It is able 
to handle 100,000 bushels a day. It began to receive grain in 
October 1865. Before the first of January 1866, its receipts 
amounted to 600,000 bushels, 200,000 of which were brought direcily 
from Chicago, The total receipts at the elevator in 1866 were 
1,376,700 bushels. Grain can now be shipped, by way of St. Louis 
and New Orleans, to New York and Europe twenty cents a bushel 
cheaper than it can be carried to the Atlantic by rail. 

The facilities which our elevator affords for the movement of 
cereals have given rise to a new system of transportation. The 
Mississippi Yalley Transportation Company has been organized for 
the conveyance of grain to Ncav Orleans in barges. vSteam tugs of 
immense strength have been built for the use of the company. 
They carry no freight. They are simply the motive power. They 
save delay by taking fuel for the round trip. Landing only at the 
lai'ge cities, they stop barely long enough to attach a loaded barge. 
By this economy of time and steady movement, they equal the 
speed of steamboats. The Mohawk made its first trip from St. Louis 
to New Orleans in six days, with ten barges in tow. The manage- 
ment of the barges is precisely like that of freight cars. The barges 
are loaded in the absence of the tug. The tug arrives, leaves a 
train of barges, takes another and proceeds. The tug itself is 
always at work. It does not lie at the levee while the barges are 
loading. Its longest stoppage is made for fuel. The power of these 
boats is enormous. The tugs plying on the Minnesota river some- 
times tow 30,000 bushels of wheat apiece. The freight of a single 
trip would fill 85 railroad cars. 

Steamboats are obliged to remain in port two or three days for 
the shipment of freight. The heavj' expense which this delay and 
the necessity for large crews involve is a grave objection to the old 
system of transportation. The service of the steam tug requires 
but few men, and the cost of running is relatively light. The 
advantages which are claimed for the barge system are exhibited 
by the following table : 



41 

Tug anil liarges. Plenmboats. 

Stoppage at intermediate points 2 hours 6 hours. 

" " terminal " 24 " 48 " 

Crew 15 50 

Tonnage 25,000 tons 1,500 tons. 

Daily expense §200 ei,000 

Origmal cost §75,000 $100,000 

In addition to the ordinary precautions against fire, the barges 
have this unmistakable advantage over steamboats, they can be 
cut adrift from each other, and the fire restricted to the narrowest 
limits. The greater safety of barges ought to secure for them lower 
rates of insurance. The barges are very strongly built, and have 
water tight compartments for the movement of grain in bulk. The 
transportation of grain from Minnesota to New Orleans by water 
costs no more than the freightage from the same point to Chicago. 
After the erection of a floating elevator at New Orleans, a boat 
load of grain from St. Paul will not be handled again till it reaches 
the Crescent City. 

At that port, it will be transferred by steam to the vessel which 
will convey it to New York or Europe. The possible magnitude of 
this trade may be inferred from the fact, that in 1865 Minnesota 
alone raised 10,000,000 bushels of wheat. Three quarters of this 
harvest could have been exported, if facilities of cheap transportation 
had offered adequate inducement. In 1866, higher prices — which 
produced the same practical result as cheaper freightage — led to the 
exportation of 8,000,000 bushels. Some of this grain belonged to 
the crop of the preceding year. But this fact does not at all aff'ect 
the question of carriage. 

From the 1st of May to the 25th of December 1866, the tow 
boats of this city transported 120,000 tons of freight. This new 
scheme of conveying freight by barges bids fair to revolutionize the 
whole carrying trade of our Western waters. It will materially 
lessen the expeiise of heavy transit, and augment the commerce of 
the Mississippi Eiver in proportion to the reduction it eifects in the 
cost of transportation. The improvement which facilitates the 
carriage of our cereals to market, and makes it more profitable for 
the farmer to sell his grain than to burn it, is a national benefit. 
This enterprise, which may yet change the channel of cereal trans- 
portation, shows what great results a spirit of progressive energy 
may accomplish. 

The mercantile interests of the West imperatively demand the 
improvement of the Mississippi and its main tributaries. This is a 
work of such prime and transcendent importance to the commerce 
of the country, that it challenges the co-operation of the Government. 
A commercial marine which annually transfers tens of millions of 
passengers, and cargoes whose value is hundreds of millions, ought 
not to encounter obstructions which human eff'ort can remove. 
The yearly loss of property, from the interruption of communication 
and wreck of boats, reaches a startling aggregate. 

For the accomplishment of an undertaking so vital to its muni- 
cipal interests, St. Louis should exert its mightiest energies. The 



42 

prize for which competition strives ia too splendid to be lost by 
default. The Queen City of the West should not voluntarily abdicate 
its commercial sovereignty. 

If the emigrant merchants of x\mei"ica and Europe, who re- 
cognize in the geographical position of St. Louis the guarantee of 
mercantile supremacy, will become citizens of this metropolis, they 
will aid in bringing to a speedier fulfilment the prophecies of its 
greatness. The current of Western trade must flow through the 
heart of this valley. 

In the march of progress, St. Louis will keep equal step with 
the West. Located at the intersection of the river which traverses 
zones, and the railway which belts the continent, with divergent 
roads from this center to the circumference of the country, St. Louis 
enjoys commercial adv^antages which must inevitably make it the 
greatest inland emporium of America. The movement of our vast 
harvests and the distribution of the domestic and foreign merchand- 
ise required by the myriad thousands who will, in the near future, 
throng this valley, will develop St. Louis to a size propoi'tioned to 
the vastness of the commerce it will transact. This metropolis will 
not only be the center of Western exchanges, but also, if ever the 
seat of Government is transferred from its present locality, the 
capital of the nation. 

St. Louis, strong with tbe energies of youthful freedom, and 
active in the larger and more genial labors of peace, will greet the 
merchants of other States and lands with a friendly welcome, afford 
them the opportunities of fortune, and honor their services in the 
achievement of its greatness. 



RAILEOADS OF MISSOURI. 



The railroad system of Missouri is exhibited in the following 
tabular statement : 

E;iilr..iicls. Mileg. 

Cairo and Fulton 37 

Missouri Valley 52 

Atlantic and Pacific 88 

Iron Mountain 87 

North Missouri 168 

Hannibal and St. Joseph 233 

Missouri Pacific 283 

Total length of i*ailroads in operation within the State 948 

A vast enlai'gement of our railroad facilities is contemplated. 
More than 10,000 miles of new lines have been projected on the 
west side of the Mississippi. A quarter of a century may elapse 
before the completion of these extensions ; yet the very conception 
of them shows that the public mind is alive to the importance of 



43 

ampler means of communication with the States and Territories of 
the far West. Most of these roads have received grants of land 
from the Government, and upon some of the lines the work is 
already far advanced. The terminal points of the most import- 
ant roads are : 

Superior City and ISTew Orleans, via St. Paul, St. Louis and 
Memphis. 

St. Louis and San Francisco, via Kansas City and Salt Lake. 

Kansas City and Fort Benton, via Omaha. 

Leavenworth and Galveston, via Lawrence. 

St. Louis and San Francisco, via Albuquerque. 

HANNIBAL AND ST. JOSEPH RAILROAD, 

This road is 233 miles long. It traverses one of the finest 
sections of the State. It gives an outlet to a region rich in agri- 
cultural productions. It is of prime importance not only to local 
business, but to that through trade with the far West whose initial 
point lies north of St. Louis. It is an incalculable advantage to 
North Missouri. Without it, the products of the interior would lose 
much of their value. 

This road has received a large grant of public lands. The tract 
still owned by the company contains nearly 500,000 acres. These 
lands are rich in agricultural and mineral wealth. They are situated 
in a temperate and healthful climate. They are accessible and cheap. 
The price varies from S2.40 to S15.00 an acre. To the settler who 
is unable to pay cash, a credit of two or even ten years is granted. 
^o defect of title impairs the value of these lands. The act of 
Congress, vesting in this company the right of ownership, is an 
absolute guarantee of title. The fare of immigrants who pass over 
the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad in quest of a location is re- 
funded in the event of their buying lands of the Company. The 
liberality of the terms of payment, as well as the essential value of 
the property, ought to procure an early sale of these valuable 
freeholds. 

North Missouri is largely peopled with settlers from New 
England. Colonies of Eastern men are forming communities 
throughout this section of the State, andrepi'oducingthe institutions 
of New England upon the prairies of the West. Some large-minded 
and opulent Eastern gentlemen, who hold their wealth in trust for 
the accomplishment of beneficent objects, are generously fostering 
the growth of Western culture. Prominent among these is 
Nathaniel Thayer, Esq., of Boston. Several years ago, he endowed 
a Professorship in Washington University, and now, in liberal 
co-operation with other gentlemen, he has organized the ^'Thayer 
Institute" at the town of Kidder. It is the design of the founders 
to establish an institution of sound learning, and to insure its life 
by an ample endowment. 

The educational facilities which exist in the New England towns 
along the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad are justly 
entitled to the consideration of Eastern men who are seeking homes 
in Missouri. 



44 



NORTH MISSOURI RAILROAK. 



This road runs from St. Louis to Macon. The length is 168 miles. 
It was finished in 1859 and cost $7,638,195. It will be extended 
during the present year to the Iowa State line. The distance from 
Macon is 65 miles. The North Missouri will ultimately connect by 
means of the northern lines with all the large towns upon the 
upper Mississippi, and by its junction with the Cedar Rapids and 
Iowa Central railroads enjoy the advantage of a double connection 
with St. Paul. A branch of this road from Moberly to Leaven- 
worth is now under construction. It is 147 miles long. It is to be 
completed next year. It will run through Brunswick, Pdchmond, 
Kansas City and Leavenworth; and connect, by the extension of 
the Missouri Yalley railroad with Council Bluffs and Sioux City. 

Another branch running from Centralia to Columbia — a distance 
of 22 miles — will be finished by the middle of next July. This road 
lies wholly within the limits of Boone County. 

The North Missouri is now dependent for its Western con- 
nections upon the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad. But after the 
completion of the West Branch from Moberly, it will have a contin- 
uous independent line to Leavenworth. With its extensions, it will 
be the longest railroad in Missouri. There are no richer lands in 
the State than those which this road traverses. 

The railroad bridge at St. Charles is now in process of erection. 
Its length will be 1500 feet, and its ultimate cost $500,000. It Avill 
be finished in 1868. 

The gauge of the North Missouri is now 5 feet 6 inches. 
During the present summer the gauge will be changed to 4 feet 
8| inches. This is the width of the Hannibal and St. Joseph track, 
of the Union Pacific, and of all the railroads in Iowa. After this 
alteration is made, the North Missouri can make all its northern 
and Avestern connections without change. The same train can run 
from St. Louis to Leavenworth. The 18 new engines which the 
Company are now putting on the road increase the number of their 
locomotives to 42. 

On the main line to Macon, the amount of private and municipal 
subscription was 12,137,400, and the loan of State credit $4,350,000. 

By subsequent legislation, the State released its lieu upon the 
road for the $4,350,000, and pei-mitted the Company to issue first 
mortgage bonds for $6,000,000. The holders of these bonds now 
possess the first lien on the completed road, and are still further 
secured by a fii'st mortgage on the extension to the Iowa State line, 
on the ncAv West Branch, and on the St. Charles bridge. 

By the terms of the law, the $6,000,000 are appropriated to 
specific objects : 

For the erection of the St. Charics Bridge $500,000 

^' " extension to the Iowa State line 1,500,000 

" " construction of the West Branch 4,500,000 

When all the extensions now under contract are completed, 
the North Missouri will have the following length of line ; 



45 

From St. Louis to Macon 16S miles 

" Xoberly to Leavenworth 141 " 

" Macon to Iowa line 65 " 

" Kansas City to Leavenworth 22 " 

" Centralia to Columbia . 22 " 

Total length of the main line and branches 418 '^ 

The estimated cost of these extensions will be : 

From Moberly to Leavenworth $4,000,000 

" Macon to Iowa State line 1,266,000 

" Centralia to Columbia 500,000 

St. Charles Bridge 500,000 

Total cost $6,266,000 

To meet these expenses, the North Missouri has the following 
resources : 

First mortgage 7 per cent, bonds $6,000,000 

County and piivate subscriptions 1,841,000 

25,000 acres of land in Chariton county 250,000 

Other property ■ . 231,000 

Total resources $8,322,000 

Whole cost and assets of the road $15,960,195 

The inequalities of a railroad impair its eflSciency. They 

squander motive power. They augment the cost of transportation. 

The carrying capacity of the JSTorth Missouri is greatly enlarged by 

the lightnes^ of its grades. The advantage of its comparatively 

level track is distinctly visible in the economy of freightage and of 

effective power. 

From its extent and location, the North Missoxiri will not only 

facilitate trade and travel, but actively promote a denser settlement 

of the fertile lands through which it runs. 

PACIFIC RAILROAD.* 

The Pacific railroad will be prominent among the public works 
of all time. It will be the longest railway in the world. The 
main line will be 2300 miles long, and its branches 1000 miles more. 
A continuous track, 3400 miles in length, will unite New York 
and San Francisco. The cost of the rails alone will be more 
than $30,000,000, and the expense of the completed road will be 
about $150,000,000. A force of 20,000 pioneers is leveling this high- 
way for a royal progress of the Great Eepublic. The road is now 
advancing at the rate of 300 miles a year. Upon the Pacific slope, 
the work is prosecuted wuth great vigor. From Sacramento, the 
line already extends eastward" 114 miles. It is now crossing the 
heights of the Sierra Nevada. The passage of this range encounters 
great obstacles and exhibits grand triumphs of civil engineering. 

* This and the "Union Pacific Railroad" are titles which do not" strictly fall within 
the scope of an article on the "Railroads of Missouri." But the Pacific Railroad is so 
intimately connected with the prosperity and development of Missouri, that the temp- 
tation to discuss it was too great for successful resistance. 



The road spans profound chasms, creeps along the dizzy verge of 
precipices, and pierces the solid buttresses of the mountains. The 
sublimities of this region are scarcely inferior to the grandeurs of 
the Yosetnite Valley. 

Some of the mountains along whose base this road runs are 
said to be 12,000 feet in height. A recent article in the New York 
World furnishes some very interesting statistics of the Central 
Pacific railway. This road was begun in 1863. The initial point 
is Sacramento. This city stands at the head of navigation on the 
Sacramento river. The ease of communication afforded by a navi- 
gable stream obviated the necessity of beginning at San Francisco. 
But, under a charter authorising the construction of a railway be- 
tween these two cities, 97 miles of road have been already built. 
The central Pacific is now finished to the crest of the Sierra I>I^evada. 
The Company intend to complete the road from 

Sacramento to Virginia City 156 miles in 1867 

" " Austin 320 " " 1868 

" " Salt Lake City 585 " 'M870 

The estimated cost and equipment of the road from Sacramento 
to the state line of California are estimated at $14,000,000. For 
15 miles, the pathway up the ascent of the Sierra Nevada has been 
cut in solid granite. During the progress of the work, the daily 
consumption of powder was 350 kegs, worth $1400. During the 
fall I860, the working force was 8,000 Chinese. The number of 
horses and mules employed upon the road was 1200. This spring 
the Company intend to increase their industrial force to 12^000 or 
15,000 men. 

In 1866, the earnings of the Central Pacific were : 

From Sacramento to Colfax, 62 miles, May, $65,000 

" " " " June, 67,000 

« " Alta, 69 " July, 85,000 

« " " « August, 112,000 

" « « « September, 114,000 

" " " « October, 127,000 

From Saci'amento to Cisco, the tarif of rates is $9,50 for pas- 
sengers, and $14.00 a ton for freight. But even at these high prices, 
there is a saving of 20 per cent, on the former cost of carriage. 
The Express Company of Wells and Fargo charge on freight 
From San Francisco to Austin, 320 miles, 50 cents in gold per pound. 
" " Salt Lake, 710 " 75 " " " 

La Nevada, green fire wood is $13 a cord in gold, and the 
timber necessary for mining purposes costs from $30 to $45 per 
hundrel. The quantity of lumber requisite for this use may be 
inferred from the alleged fact that the mine of Gould and Curry 
contains as much timber as Virginia city, a wood-built town of 
15,000 inhabitants. Yet, notwithstanding the great expense of 
material and transportation, some of the mines of Nevada pay a 
monthly dividend of 2 to 5 per cent. The Gould and Curry Mining 
Company think that they could have saved in 1864, by the relative 
economy of railroad carriage, $2,000,000 in gold. The annual cost 



47 

of transportation to Nevada is $10,000,000. In 1866, tbc freight 
on §6,000,000 from the East to Montana was $2,000,000. 

These facts disclose the grave difficulties Avhich retard the 
growth of our Territories, and prompt the utmost vigor in the 
prosecution of the Pacific railroad. 

Official assurance is given that the entire line will be finished 
m 1871. The terms of the charter require its completion by the 
first of July 1876. 

The glory of this great achievement will chiefly belong to 
St. Louis. The conception of the enterprize originated in this city. 
The first capital was advanced by our own merchants. "With rare 
foresight and an honorable faith in the ultimate success of their 
great undertaking, our public-spirited citizens persevered in despite 
of every discouragement and opposition, till at last popular favor and 
financial prosperity have crowned their efforts. 

The prophecy of Benton is rapidly approaching its fulfilment. 
Soon the Atlantic and Pacific will be bound together by railroad ties. 
This colossal work will be a proud monument of American energy. 
Its consummation will inaugurate a new era in the history .of 
commerce. In anticipation of its completion a New York company, 
with a capital of $30,000,000, has just established a regular monthly 
line of steamers between San Francisco and China. The Colorado 
made its first voyage from San Francisco to Hong Kong in 27| days. 
The mail from Japan now reaches the Pacific coast in three weeks. 
The journey from New York to Hong Kong, by way of London 
and Suez, takes 56 days ; but by the Pacific Eailway, the time will 
be only 35 days. 

This inter-oceanic railroad will doubtless become the highway 
of travel between Europe and the Orient. Between the termini of 
the Pacific Railroads, there is an interval of about 750 miles. 
Conveyance by stage over this long and difficult line is relatively slow. 
Yet, notwithstanding this great impediment, Eng'and has already 
sent its China mail across this Continent. The economy of distance 
and time, the personal comfort of a passage lying wholly in the 
temperate zone, and the avoidance of the heat and perils of tropic 
seas will secure to this route the main patronage of the travel between 
the maritime frontiers of Europe and Asia. Time, too, is often an 
important element in commercial transactions. The Pacific Railroad 
will afford the quickest transit between the opposite borders of the 
Eastern hemisphere. The interchanges of merchandise of small 
bulk and great value will be carried on over this road. Commodities 
liable to be injured by the temperature of the tropics will seek the 
safetj' of this northern line of transportation. The temperate calm 
of Pacific waters in the latitude of San Francisco and Shanghai is 
an additional safeguard of life and cargo. 

The Pacific railroad will be a mighty agency in the development 
of that vast tract of country which lies between the Rocky Mount- 
ains and the Sierra Nevada. The discovery of gold and silver in 
the canons of these mountains gave the initial impulse to population 
— the Pacific railway will accelerate the movement. While the 
acquisition of wealth will still be the chief motive, the facility of 



48 

reaching the mountains by means of this road will strengthen the 
prime incentive. Populous States and well ordered governments 
now exist in regions which but few jcare. ago were only trackless 
solitudes. The presence of gold in the Eocky Mountains has sud- 
denly adorned their slopes with a flourishing civilization. The lure 
of riches and the convenience of the railroad will people these 
fastnesses, and add neAV members to the sisterhood of States. 
Under the action of these tAVofold motives, new communities will 
arise. Happy homes, social order, and public wealth will soon be 
found in the recent wilderness. The development of the mountain 
region will swell our national resources with ingots of precious 
metal, and probably require, for the accommodation of local travel 
and commerce, the construction of other roads to the Pacific. 



MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD. 

This road runs from St. Louis to Kansas City, ft is 283 miles 
.long. The initial steps having been taken in 1849, active work was 
begun Aug. 2, 1851, and the last rail was laid Sept. 19, 1865, 

The cost of construction was ^11,418,794 

" " roUingstock 2,049,674 

Total cost of the road $13,468,468 

Prom the inception to the completion of this road, every step 
of progress was retarded by difficulties of the gravest character. 
Financial embarrassments, disastrous accidents, and rebel raids have 
severcl}' tested the ability and resources of the Company. In the 
fall of 1864, the Missouri Pacific suff'ered terribly from the devast- 
ations of civil war. The rebels, besides inflicting other extensive 
injuries upon the road, destroyed 11 bridges whose total length Avas 
more than 3250 feet. The aggregate damage from this incursion 
Avas $500,000. Yet the magnitude of these losses and impediments 
has but increased the honor of ultimate success. The dauntless 
purpose and administrative skill which surmounted so great ob- 
stacles are worthy of public and grateful remembrance. 

The funds which enabled the Directors to complete the road 
were derived from the following sources : 

State Bonds $7,000,000 

County subscriptions 2,845,630 

Missouri Pacific Railroad Bonds 1,500,000 

Private subscriptions 764,000 

St. Louis County Bonds 700,000 

Some of these loans were effected with the greatest difficulty. 
Aid was at times granted only when it became apparent that, 
in the event of refusal, the enterprise would have to be abandoned. 
The reluctance of the Legislature to pledge the public credit for the 
completion of the road did not arise from unfriendliness, but from 
the fiscal embarrassments of the State. Only a resolution undis- 
mayed by disaster and an ability resourceful in difficulties could have 
carried the road successfully through these financial emergencies. 



4» 

During the rebellion, the main line and the Southwest Branch 
were of incalculable importance to the country. The extent of this 
service may be inferred from the fact, that, in 1863, '64 and '65, 
the net receipts for Government transportation were $758,550. 
The terrible ravages of the rebel armies would have been much 
worse, had it not been for the facilities of rapid movement and sud- 
den concentration which these roads afforded to the national forces. 

The present equipment of the Missouri Pacific is : 

Mail cars 7 

Baggage and Express cars 17 

Caboose cars 29 

Passenger cars 41 

Locomotives 47 

Freight cars 641 

The total quantity of iron rails iTsed in the construction and 
repair of this road is 27,600 tons. The service of the line requires 
a constant force of 1500 men. 

The Company is purposing, at an early day, to change the 
width of the track to 4 feet 8^ inches. The road will then have the 
same gauge as that of the Union Pacific. When the contemplated 
change has been made, this road will form an unbroken and uniform 
part of that magnificent line which will soon stretch to the Pacific 
shore. The road is now doing an immense and steadily increasing 
business. The success and general utility of the Missouri Pacific 
long since justified the action of the Legislature in granting the loan 
of the public credit. The issue of State bonds, ensuring the capital 
necessary to the completion of the road, was an act of legislative 
wisdom. The influence of this railway upon the prosperity of Mis- 
souri has been signally beneficial. We hope that public honor and 
private wealth will reward the energetic and farsighted men who, 
tinder such grave discouragements, carried forward this road to a 
successful consummation. 



UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD, EASTERN DIVISION. 

The State of Missouri has a deep and permanent interest in the 
Union Pacific railway. This line was contemplated in the Pacific 
Eailroad Act of 1862. In the original bill, it constituted the 
St. Louis connection of the Union Pacific railroad, whose initial 
point was the 100th meridian of longitude. By later legislation 
in 1864 and 1866, the junction of the "Northern or Omaha" road 
and the "Kansas or Smoky Hill" road was changed to a point 
"fifty miles west of the meridian of Denver" in Colorado. 

The Union Pacific railway, with its connections, is the shortest 
line between the mountains and the Mississippi river. It lies 
200 miles south of the Omaha Branch, and will be comparatively 
free from the snows which will obstruct the Northern line. In its 
entire length, it crosses no navigable stream. It must inevitably 
become the trunk line across the continent. This road is a contin- 
uation of the great central chain of railways running west from the 

4 



50 

Atlantic metropolis. From 'New York to San Francisco, the main 
road deviates but little from the base line of the fortieth parallel. 

The work upon the Union Pacific railway, Eastern Division, 
was begun in 1863, but owing to the war and various legal difiicult- 
ies was not vigorously prosecuted until July 1865, when the present 
organization assumed control. The following data in regard to the 
road have been furnished by one of the officers of the Company, 
The line of the Union Pacific railway, as located under the pres- 
ent law, starts from the Missouri river at the western terminus of 
the Pacific railroad of Missouri and runs almost due west up the 
rich valleys of the Kansas and Smoky Hill rivers, and from the 
head-waters of the latter across the plains to Denver, and thence 
along the base of the mountains to the point of junction with the 
Northern Branch. The length of this Division is about 700 miles. 

Of this distance, 225 miles have been completed, fully equipped, 
and accepted by the United iStates Government. A continuous 
railway now extends 508 miles west from St. Louis. A branch road, 
31 miles long, has also been built from Lawrence to Leavenworth. 

The Union Pacific Company contemplate the construction of a 
railroad to Santa Fe. They purpose to begin the preliminary survey 
at an early date. The initial point is Filley, a town 200 miles east 
of Denver. The distance to Santa Fe is about 400 miles. This road 
would give an outlet to the productions of New Mexico, open the 
territory to the invasion of enterprise, bring its resources within 
the reach of commerce, and attract a rich trade to St. Louis. It is 
the design of the Company ultimately to extend this road through 
Arizona and Southern California to the Pacific. The same grave 
considerations of public econom}', self-defence, and material develop- 
ment which led the Government to lend its credit to the central road 
should induce it to grant subsidies to this Southern line. 

Contracts have been made to complete the main road to the 
385 mile-post west of the Missom-i river by December 31, 1867. 
225 miles of track, extending from Kansas City to Fort Harker, 
are now laid. Beyond the present terminus, 90 miles of graded 
road are ready for the rails. 

The cross-ties of the Pacific Eailroad, Eastern Division, are made 
of hard wood. The rails weigh 56 poxmds per lineal yard, and are 
all of American manufacture. 22,000 tons of bars have been already 
used in the construction of this road, and 14,000 more are now on 
their way. 

By the fii'st of June, this road will have the following 
equipment : 

Baggage and Express cars 5 

Passenger cars 14 

Locomotive engines 25 

Freight cars 418 

The earnings of the road for the quarter ending December 31, 
1866, exceeded $200,000. It is believed that the receipts during 1867 
will average $100,000 per month. 



51 

The subsidies with which the Government aids the construction 
of this portion of the Pacific railroad are : 

1st. A loan of $16,000 for each mile of railroad and telegraph 
line, to be delivered to the company as each section of 20 miles is 
completed and accepted by the government. It consists of 30 years, 
U. S. 6 per cent, bonds, secured by a second lien. The interest 
and principal are guaranteed by the United States. The law per- 
mits the company to issue bonds of an equal amount per mile, 
secared by a first mortgage having priority over the government lien. 

2nd. A grant of 12,800 acres of land per mile of finished road. 
It gives alternate sections extending 20 miles on each side of 
the road. 

The Bonds issued to this division of the Pacific railroad 
mature in 30 years. The interest on these Bonds is paid by the 
U. S. Government. To secure the repayment of this interest, the 
Government deducts and retains one half of the cost of its own 
transportations over the road. The amount of mails, troops, 
munitions of war, and Indian supplies, carried over this line, is 
very large. Before the close of the coming summer, 27,000,000 
pounds of Government freight will be shipped by this route to the 
territories. The total amount of interest which the Government 
has paid on the bonds of this road, up to March 1, 1867, is ^97,000. 
The cost of Government transportation, from Oct. 15, 1866, to March 
1, 1867, is $55,000. Of this sum, the Government has reserved 
$27,000. This amount is more than 30 per cent, of all the interest 
which the Government has paid on the Bonds of the road. After 
the present year, the transportation of Government supplies will 
probably refund to the national treasury all the money advanced 
for the payment of the interest on these Bonds. An examination 
of the business of the road discloses the unexpected and gratifying 
fact, that this great national work will be accomplished without 
cost or embarrassment to the Government. In the event of an 
Indian war, or of an invasion of the Pacific coast, this railroad 
would be invaluable to the financial interests and military success 
of the nation. It would lessen the expenses, and facilitate the 
prosecution, of a frontier war. It would give strong material 
guai-antees for the perpetuity of the Union. The completion of this 
national highway will strengthen the alliance of the States with iron 
bands, and develop our Western wilderness into populous common- 
wealths. 

In addition to the grant of public lands, the company has 
bought from the Delawai-e and Pottawatamie tribes of Indians about 
600,000 acres in the heavily timbered regions of Eastern Kansas. 
This purchase comprises some of the finest farming lands in the 
State. Nearly 1,000,000 acres of valuable lands, all lying east of 
Fort Riley, are now offered by this company for sale to actual 
settlers. The progress of the Pacific railroad and the natural 
attractions of Kansas have exerted so marked an influence upon 
immigration, that the actual increase in the population of that State, 
during the year 1866, was, according to the estimate of Gov. 
Crawford, 50,000 people. 



52 

These princely subsidies from the Government and the financial 
strength and executive energy of this corporation justify the 
expectation that the work will be completed in the time prescribed 
by law. 

ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC RAILROAD. 

This road was formerly called the Southwest Branch, but its 
ownership and title have recently been changed. It runs from 
Franklin — a town on the Missouri Pacific, 37 miles west of 
St. Louis — to the Gasconade river. The length of the independent 
line is 88 miles. 

The extension of the Atlantic and Pacific is making rapid 
pi'ogress. A bridge nearly 800 feet long will soon span the Gas- 
conade. A force of 1500 men is now at woi'k upon the continuation 
of the road. The distance from the Gasconade river to the Arkansas 
line is about 200 miles. The cost of extending the road to the 
borders of the State is estimated at $6,000,000. The amount which 
the development of the mineral resources of Southwestern Missoui'i 
would add to our common wealth cannot be calculated, but the rise 
in the value of real estate which the completion of this road would 
cause has been appraised at $25,000,000. The extension of this 
line from its present terminus merely to the southwest corner of 
Missouri would be an incalculable benefit. The trade of the North 
western roads may be partially diverted from St. Louis by the 
construction of rival lines. But the Atlantic and Pacific, by its 
advantages of situation, will compel all connecting lines to be 
subsidiaiy to itself; and its commerce, constantly swelled by the 
trafliic of tributary roads, must necessaril}' flow to St. Louis. The 
extension of this road would open to settlement vast tracts of valu- 
able land, and by the impulse of cheap transportation lead to an 
extended development of the rich mines of Southwestern Missouri. 

ST. LOUIS AND IRON MOUNTAIN RAILROAD. 

"The St. Louis and Iron Mountain" and "The Cairo and Ful- 
ton" railroads have recently been sold by order of the Govei-nor of 
Missouri for the redemption of funds which the State advanced them. 

The amount of State loan to the former road is $3,501,000 

" " " latter " 650,000 

" interest for six years, to Jan. 1st 1867 ... . 1,494,360 

Total indebtedness to the State $5,645,360 

The State bought these roads Sept. 27, 1866, and in ISTovcmber 
following sold them through Commissioners to Messrs. McKay, 
Eeed and Co. of Pittsburg for $900,000, payable in Missouri Bonds. 
The deeds were made by the State Jan. 9, 1867; and, on the 12th 
of the same month, the purchasers sold the roads to Hon. Thomas 
Allen of St. Louis, for $1,275,000. 

The Iron Mountain railroad, running from St. Louis to Pilot 
Knob, is 87 miles long; and cost, exclusive of discount, interest and 
commiBsions, $4,356,800. The quantity of rails used in the con- 



53 

Ptruction ot tliis road is about 10,000 tons. Its freight ifl mostly 
iron ore, pig raetal, lead, barytes, lumber, and wood. In 1865, its 
earnings were 6424,700; and, in 1866, they were probably still 
larger. 

The Cairo and Fulton railroad begins at Bird's Point on the 
Mississippi, and will eventually terminate on Eed River in the 
Southwest corner of Arkansas. But 26 miles of the road are now 
finished. It cost, exclusive of incidental expenses, $680,300. It , 
has a land grant of about 500,000 acres. The country through 
which it runs produces a rich growth of timber, corn, and cotton. 
It is estimated that, in 1866, 60,000 bales of cotton — including prob- 
ably some shipments from contiguous counties in Arkansas — wei^e 
brought from Southeast Missouri. 

The present proprietor of these two roads will consolidate them 
under the style of "The St. Louis, Iron Mountain, and Southern 
Railway", and make an unbroken line from St. Louis to Belmont, 
opposite the terminus of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The con- 
ditions of the purchase exact the completion of this road within five 
years; but Mr. Allen feels confident of his ability to finish it in less 
than half of that time. The cost of the road will be about $4,500,000. 

An ultimate extension of this line to Helena is contemplated. 
In fact, the initial steps have already been taken. The Legislature 
of Arkansas has recently revised the original charter of the road, 
and granted ampler privileges. The liberality of these franchises 
has led to the organization of a company, and the subscription of 
$1,000,000 in capital and materiel. The estimated expense of this 
road is $5,000,000. The distance from Ironton to Helena is 230 
miles. The country through which the projected line passes is pix)- 
ductive, well-watered, and generally level. Even where inequalities 
exist, the grades are relatively light. 

The completion of this road to Helena is highly important to 
St. Louis. It would gi*eatly enhance our municipal prosperity. 
Vast commercial interests depend upon the success of this under- 
taking. Between St. Louis and Helena, navigation in the summer 
season is sometimes embarrassed by low water and sandbars; and, 
in the winter-time, it is frequently obstructed by floating ice. Though 
the intervals of interruption are temporary, yet the briefest sus- 
pension of our Southern communications inflicts a serious injury 
upon the mercantile interests of St. Louis. 

The continuation of the Iron Mountain road to Helena would 
open an avenue to a poiut below which navigation is never impeded 
by ice or low water. An outlet to the great markets of the South, 
direct, available, and always free from obstructions, would soon 
•develop our winter trade into summer proportions. 



54 

EDUCATION. 



No treatment of the mateiial interests of a State can be com- 
plete, without some discussion of the spiritual foi'ces which vitalize 
them. Public wealth is often a cause of national decay. Genuine 
prosperity implies the guidance of intelligence and morality. No 
community can greatly flourish where ignorance and dishonesty 
prevail. The political economy which ignores the intellectual and 
moral forces of society discards the prime essentials of public welfare. 
The commonwealth is only supremely great when it is actuated by 
enlightened motives and imbued with the spirit of a Christian civili- 
zation. 

During the war, domestic turbulence greatly impaired the 
efficiency of our common schools. In some of the rural districts, 
the shock of arms or the distempered condition of the public mind 
led to a temporary suspension of the schools. But now, since the 
civil strife which disorganized our educational system has ceased, 
our schools are resuming their activity. Under the old regime, 
indiiference to public culture was a prominent trait. A social system 
which rested on unjust distinctions of caste and fostered civil in- 
equality would naturally look with disfavor upon the cause of popular 
education. An aristocracy based upon wrong has an instinctive 
dread of intelligence. There is a deathless hostility between them. 
Ignorance is the helpless victim of oppression, but popular enlighten- 
ment is the divine victor of injustice. Now, since the feudal 
impediment to our progress has been removed, we shall advance 
with a freer movement. A fresh energy invigorates our public 
polity. A spirit of freedom and progress imparts a new life to 
our educational system. The people of Missouri are actively re- 
organizing their public schools. They are striving with a zealous 
co-operation of individual and legislative efforts, to extend and 
improve their institutions of learning. 

The public schools of St. Louis were organized in 1833, and 
went into practical operation in 1839. They are now an honor to 
Western culture. Improved by the best results of experience, 
taught by an accomplished corps of instructors, and aided with the 
resources of valuable Public Libraries, they afford to the youth of 
this metropolis the means of a thorough popular education. The 
grades of our public schools are based upon a system of rigid class- 
ification. They culminate in the High School. Students enter this 
institution only through the ordeal of a competitive examination. 
Admittance, thei'efore, implies exemplary deportment and success- 
ful scholarship. The discipline of the High School embraces the 
higher branches of an English education and the Academic course 
of Classic culture. The scholarly training of this institution qualifies 
its graduates for the duties of life or the pursuit of polite learning. 

The Normal School in this city affords excellent opportunities 
for professional discipline. It teaches the philosophy of education 
as well as the best processes of practical instruction. The profes- 



55 

sional success of its graduates shows the eifect of trained skill and 
systematic teaching. 

In addition to its public schools, St. Louis has endowed 
Universities whose excellence obviates the necessity of sending 
Western youth to Eastern institutions for a liberal education. In 
one of these Universities, the mathematical course is as full and 
exhaustive as at West Point, and the standard of scholarship, in 
the chief departments of stud}^, is scarcely inferior to that of 
Harvard or Yale. 

St. Louis also possesses excellent seminaries for the education 
of young women. The Mary Institute is virtually a College. 
To students pursuing the extended course, it offers the main 
advantages of a liberal culture. It opens to young women fields of 
study and sources of refined enjoyment from which they have been 
too long excluded. Such institutions exert a beneficent influence 
upon society. They add to wealth the graces of polite culture, 
invest poverty with honorable means of self-support, and enrich 
©very fireside with ampler resources of happiness. 

The Polytechnic Institute of St. Louis is a noble monument of 
private munificence and public usefulness. The building is one of 
the most expensive and superb structures in the United States. 
The cost of erection, together with the value of the grounds, was 
more than $400,000. The edifice is worthy of its use. It will be 
devoted to the service of practical science. Here the philosophy 
of the industrial arts will be taught. In these halls, artisans will 
receive gratuitous instruction in those scientific principles which 
underlie every mechanical pursuit. The processes which mere 
experience can but imperfectly discover at the close of a business 
life may hei-e be accurately learned at the beginning. The apprentice 
and artificer can here acquire briefer solutions of mechanical prob- 
lems, cheaper methods of manufacture, and the latest appliances 
of ehemical science to the industrial arts. Poverty will debar no 
student from the halls of this institution. The instruction is free. 
A mastery of the practical principles taught in the Polytechnic 
Institute is a strong guarantee of business success. 

There is no reason why St. Louis, with its admirable system 
of public schools and higher institutions of learning, should not 
become the center of Western culture. The metropolis of the West 
should diffuse throughout this vallej^ those principles of mental and 
moral enlightenment on which our republican civilization rests. 

The State University of Missouri, located at Columbia, was 
seriously injured by the ravages of civil war. Insurgent violence 
caused a suspension of the literary exercises and a partial destruction 
of the buildings. But the appropriation gi-anted by the last Legis- 
lature will repair the injuries of the rebellion and restore the 
University to its former usefulness. The central location of this 
institution adapts it to the convenience of the interior. Eeorganized 
on a broader basis and imbued with a progressive spirit, our State 
University will be capable of efficient service in the cause of educa- 
tion and freedom. 



56 

Active effoi'ts are now making, with every probability of 
ultimate BxiccesH, for the establishment of an Agricultural College 
in Missouri. The new institution will be an important addition to 
the educational facilities of the State. By teaching the economic 
processes of scientific husbandry, by determining the analysis and 
capacities of different soils, by explaining the philosophy of fertili- 
zation and the remedy for defects of essential elements, by exploring 
the cause and cure of vegetable diseases, by discovering the nature 
of injurious insects and the means of destroying them, by testing 
the adaptation of valuable foreign plants to our own lands, and by 
ele%^ating the chief industry and reliance of the nation to the dignity 
of a science, an Agricultural College would actively promote the 
material and mental development of the State. 

The public school law of Missouri is liberal and equitable. It 
imposes upon the people of the State the duty of maintaining free 
schools. It provides for the education of all classes, without 
distinction of color. This law fully accords with the spirit of the 
age. Its provisions embody the soundest philosophy and the finest 
humanity of civil ethics. 

Missouri encourages immigrants by a just and generous care 
for the education of their children. Immigrants will find here not 
only rare opportunities for material success, but excellent facilities 
for the cultivation of those spii'itual forces which determine the 
destinies of men and the greatness of nations. 



SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS AND FACILITIES FOR 
IMMIGRATION TO MISSOURI. 



The provisions of the new Constitution of Missouri ai-e highly 
favorable to immigrants. By the liberal terms of this Charter 
"Every white male citizen of the United States, and every white 
male person of foreign birth who may have declared his intention 
to become a citizen of the United States, according to law, not less 
than one year nor more than five years before he offers to vote, who 
is over the age of twentyone years, who is not disqualified by or 
under anj- of the provisions of this Constitution, and who shall 
have complied with its requirements, and have resided in the State 
one year next preceding an}^ election, or next preceding his regis- 
tration as a voter, and during the last sixty days of that period 
shall have resided in the county, city or town where he offers to 
vote, or seeks registr-ation as a voter, shall be entitled to a vote at 
such elections for all officers, State, county or municipal, made 
elective by the people." 

There are hundreds of thousands of acres of valuable land in 
this State subject to entry under the homestead law. The conditions 



57 

of this law are generous: "Any pei'son who is the head of a family, 
or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and is a citizen 
of the United States, or who shall have filed his intentions to become 
such, as required by the naturalization laAvs of the United States, 
and who has never borne arms against the United States Govern- 
ment, or given aid and comfort to its enemies shall, from and after 
the Ist of January, 1863, be entitled to enter one quarter section or 
less quantity of unappropriated public lands, upon which said person 
may have filed a pre-emption claim, or which may at the time 
the application is made be subject to pre-emption, at $1.25 or less' 
per acre; or 80 acres or less of such unappi'opriated lands at $2.50 
per acre, to be located in a body, in conformity to the legal sub- 
divisions of the public lands, and after the same shall have been 
surveyed : Provided, That any person owning and residing on land 
may, under provisions of this act, enter other land lying contiguous 
to his or her said land, which shall not, with the land so already 
owned or occupied, exceed in the aggregate one hundred and sixty 
acres." 

The cost of entry at the land office is $14. After a residence 
of five years upon the land and the additional payment of $4, the 
title is complete, and a patent, vesting in the occupant the fee simple 
of the property, is issued. The humblest manual laborer can, by 
the earnings of a single month, purchase a farm of a hundred and 
sixty acres. By the liberality of our beneficent Government, the 
poor man can buy a homestead at less than twelve cents an acre. 

Any public lands in Missouri, contemplated by the terms of the 
act, can be entered under the homestead law. The Government 
accepts in payment for public lands cash, land warrants and agri- 
cultural scrip. By act of Congress passed July 2, 1862, "this 
scrip, when duly assigned and attested by two witnesses, under such 
authoritj^ of the said State as the act of the Legislature thereof 
may designate, may be surrendered at any land office in satisfaction 
of a location of "one quarter of a section," or for any quantity in 
one legal subdivision less than one quarter section, where such 
location is taken in full for one quarter section — the location to be 
restricted to vacant public lands subject to entiy at private sale at 
$1.25 per aci'e, mineral lands excluded, and whilst the aggregate 
location of all the claims under the said act may be taken in any of 
the territories without limitation as to the quantity located in any 
one of them, yet, in virtue of express limitation in the statute, not 
more than 1,000,000 acres of the total aggregate scrip-issue under 
said act can be located within the limits of any of the States." 
Agricultural scrip is now very cheap. It can be bought at sixty 
cents an acre; in other words, 160 acres of land, which the Govern- 
ment values at $200, can be purchased by means of this scrip for $96. 
But one difficulty attends the location of land with College scrip. 
Under a 160 acre land warrant, the sole requision is that the forty 
acre subdivisions shall lie in contiguous tracts. But a location with 
scrip demands that the land shall constitute a "quai'ter section" in 
the technical sense of the law. Divide a "section" into four equi- 
lateral parts — 160 acres, if entered with scrip, must comprise one of 



58 

these squares. No other form will satisfy the requirements of 
the law. 

There are now three land districts in Missouri. A new division 
has recently been made. 

The Ironton district lies east of range 11 west, and south of 
township 38. The recording office is at Ironton. 

The Springfield district comprises that portion of the State 
which is situated west of range 10 west, and south of township 35. 
The registry'' is at Springfield. 

The Boonville district embraces all the rest of the State. The 
office of entry is located at Boonville. 

Letters of inquiry should be addressed to the "Eegister of 
Public Lands" in that district where the immigrant proposes to 
settle. Gratuitous information relative to the character and adapta- 
tions of lands in their several departments is promptly furnished by 
the land officers. 

The Graduation Act was repealed in 1862. 

The public lands are. now in largo demand. Thousands of im- 
migrants are now coming to Missouri. 

But the danger of exhausting our supply of lands is not im- 
minent. Official returns, just received from the registries, show that 
there are now in the 

Boonville District — 790,000 acres of unentered public lands. 
L-onton " 1,000,000 " " 

Springfield " 2,000,000 " " 

As in each of these cases the lowest estimate of the registers 
has been given, it is probable that there are now in this State more 
than 4,000,000 acres of land still subject to entry. 

The efl:ect of freedom upon the material interests of Missouri 
is most palpable. When it is remembered that the ordinance of 
emancipation was passed January 11, 1865, the following figures, 
recently derived from official sources, are eminently instructive : 

The entries in the Ironton District wei'e in 1863 655 acres, 

" " " 1864 7,395 " 

« " « 1865 21,709 « 

" " " 1866 60,181 " 

From 1860 to 1866 inclusive, 17,375 acres were entered under 
the Pre-emption Act; and, in the years 1864, '65, and '66, 71,542 
acres were registered under the Homestead Law. 

The statistics of the Boonville office are a still more signal 
illustratioB of the influence of universal liberty. 

For the year and three quarters preceding the passage of the 
Ordinance of Emancipation, the entries at the Boonville office were 
38,496 acres — for the same period subsequent to the passage of that 
act, the entries were 607,145 acres. Of this vast quantity, 402,392 
acres were entei"ed during the last year, prior to the first of 
October. 

During the rebellion, the disturbed condition of the State 
greatly diminished the number of entries. Yet, after making every 



59 

just allowance for the decrease due to civil disorder, our comparison 
Btill sio-nally vindicates the superior prosperity of freedom. 

Bnt even these facts do not fully indicate the extent of our ira- 
miffi-atioB. Thousands of immigrants have bought improved larms, 
but of course the land office keeps no record of such transfers of prop- 
erty The effect of this large accession to our population has been 
to rai^e the price of improved lands. Though our cultivated larmB 
can still be purchased at very low rates, yet Eastern men must no 
lono-er indulge the hope of buying our best lands at the prices which 
prevailed before the disenthralment of the State. Nor must they 
expect to find amid the rude conditions of frontier life the social ad- 
vantao-es of older communities. A recollection of this obvious fact 
will prevent disappointment. The immigrant will find here an in- 
exhaustible richness of soil and mine. A wild, exuberant, fruitful 
nature lies before him. But his own energy must develope its re- 
sources and his own art fashion abundant materials into a beautiful 
home ^Nature furnishes the facilities, but man must use them. 

The intelligent forecast of our railroad and steamboat com- 
panies leads them to encourage immigration by special favors. 
They often give to destitute immigrants free or reduced trans- 
portation, their policy is sagacious. The generosity _ which 
immediately relieves the beneficiary will eventually enrich the 
benefactor. 

"The Board of Immigration of the State of Missouri' was 
oreanized under an act of the Legislature, approved Feb. 16, 1865. 
The following sections, copied from the amended act, express the 
constitution, objects and resources of the Board. 

''Be it enacted hy the General Assembly of the State of Missouri 

as follows: 
"Section 1. There shall be a Board of Immigration, which 
shall be composed of five members, three of which are to be 
appointed by the Governor. 

"Sec 2 The Governor and Secretary- of State shall be ex-ofticio 
members of this board; and it shall be its duty to do all and every- 
thing which may and will advance and encourage immigration to 
this State, either from the eastern States of the United States or 
from the eastern hemisphere. 

"Sec 3 The members of this board shall, if they deem_ it 
advisable and proper for the encouragement of immigration, publish 
or cause to be published pamphlets, essays and articles treating on 
and describing, in a true light, the developed and tindeveloped 
agricultural and mineral resources of the State of Missouri, our 
facilities for navigation, railroad connections, and our wide-spreaa 
commerce, and to distribute them in such localities ^^'l^crever, m 
their opinion, they may be useful, beneficial and of good for the 
promotion of immigration to our State. 

"Sec. 4. They also shall have power, whenever deemed exped- 
ient br them, to appoint an agent or agents, either for the eastern 
States of the United States or for Europe, for the purpose of aiding 
and advising immigration; and such agent or agents shall act solely 



60 

under the instruction of the Board of Immigration, who shall also 
fix and allow their compensation for their services, to be paid out 
of the fund created as hereinafter provided. 

'^Sec. 8. The sum of two thousand dollars, annually, is hereby 
appropriated out of any money in the Treasury of the State not 
otherwise appropriated, for the use of the Board of Immigration, 
to be expended by them as they think best and expedient for the 
interest of immigration to the State of Missouri, which shall be in 
full of all other appropriations. 

"Sec. 9. The Board of Immigration is furthermore authorized 
and shall have power to open books and invite and solicit contribu- 
tions and endowments of money from corporations, manufacturers, 
merchants and all persons who are immediately and directly bene- 
fited by the flow of immigration ; which money so contributed shall 
also be under the control of and expended by the Board for the 
intents and purposes in the preceding section stated. 

<'Sec. 12. It shall be the duty of said Board to co-operate with 
the Bureau of Immigration at Washington City, and to make regu- 
lar reports of their labors and proceedings to the General Assembly 
of the State, accompanied by such references, suggestions and 
statistics as may furnish good and reliable data and a proper basis 
for future legislation on the subject of immigration." 

The total receipts of the Board during 1865 and '66 were about 
§10,500. A rigid economy has presided over all disbursements. 
But the unsufficiency of the present apjjropriation greatly restricts 
the usefulness of the Board. A legislative liberality, proportioned 
to the importance of the work, would enable the officers to enlarge 
the operations and secure the beneficial objects of the organization. 
The results already attained, in despite of limited means, evince the 
wisdom of the Legislature in creating the Board, and justify san- 
guine expectations of future utility. ^ 

It is believed that 2000 families have been induced to settle in 
Missouri through the agency of this association. Thousands of 
letters of inquiry have been answered, and a large amount of valu- 
able information upon the resources of the State has been circulated. 
The first report of the Secretary is full of useful facts. The officers 
of the Missouri State Board of Immigration are : 
Gov. Trios. C. Fletcher, President, Jeff"erson City, Mo. 
F. Rodman, Secy, of State, Vice Pres., " " " 

Hon. Isidor Bush, Secretary, 322 Chestnut St., St. Louis. 
Hon. a. Valle, Treasurer, " '' " " 

Hon. F. Muench, German Correspondent, Augusta, Mo. 
Rev. Martin W. Willis, Gen. Agent, 309 Locust st., St. Louis. 
Office of State Board of Immigration " " " " 

The Secretary and Agent will cheerfully respond to all inquiries 
concerning Missouri. By the diffusion of free information and by 
the encouragement of personal assistance, the Board is actively 
fulfilling the object of its organization. 

The name of the " German Emigrant Aid Society" imports the 
nature of its services. The capital of this organization is now 



6! 

about $5,000, and the prospect of an early enlargement is hopeful. 
The ofiiciency of the society is ajeater by far than its means. Its 
benevolent activity is restricted to the relief of indigent Germans. 
The following statement exhibits some of the labors of this society 
during the past year. 

Number of families forwarded to their destination 7 

" " patients treated at the hospital 15 

" " persons provided with board 70 

'•' " " aided with money 78 

" " " supplied with work 146 

" " days' board furnished 181 

Amount of pecuniary assistance S365 

'( recovered for lost baggage $524 

" dispatched to immigrants SI, 289 

But perhaps the larger part of the labor of this society escapes 
the form of tabular expression. It has directed immigrants to those 
portions of the State best adapted to the exercise of their several 
vocations, recommended the cheapest lines of travel, negotiated 
loans, recovered delayed baggage, procured legal advice and com- 
pelled the fulfilment of contracts for transportation. Its services 
in cases of sickness, destitutioti and helplessness have been unre- 
mitting and effective. 

"The MuUanphy Emigrant Eelief Fund" is under the manage- 
ment of a Board of Commissioners composed of the Mayor of 
8t. Louis and a member — elected by the Common Council — from 
each of the ten wards of the city. The amount of this fund is over 
$500,000. The property is mostly unproductive real estate. At 
first, the title of the lands was contested, and the Board was seriously, 
embarrassed by suits at law. After the adjustment of the rights 
of possession, the improvements, so long deferred by litigation, were 
begun. In 1864 and '65, the Board spent $40,000 in the erection of 
buildings. During the present year, the rent of fifteen new houses 
will still further enlarge the revenue of the fund. The net income 
from the estate is now $10,000 a year. It is the present policy of 
the Board to expend almost all of this sum in the improvement of 
the property. 

By this process the quickest increase of capital and the amplest 
means of future usefulness will be secured. In 1865, the almoner 
of the board dispensed $1,000 for the relief and assistance of foreign 
immigrants. 

The Commissioners are now erecting, at a cost of $25,000, a 
large building at the corner of Sixth and Gratiot streets. The 
structure will be 40 feet front, 120 feet deep, and 3 stories high. 
Its accommodations will be spacious. It will contain 75 berths, and 
couches could be spread, upon an emergency, in the open spaces. 
It will comprise rooms for baggage, bathing, and cooking. An 
elevator and a safe will complete the conveniences of the establish- 
ment. The Board think that the accommodations of this building 
will be sufficiently large to meet the present wants of all that class 
of immigrants contemplated in the bequest. The friendly and judi- 



62 

cioiis hospitalities of this institution will not only relieve destitu- 
tion, but also promote immigration. 

The following extract from the organic ordinance of the 
Common Council fully explains the uses of the Mullanphy fund : 

''First. In order that relief from said fund shall be furnished 
. to all poor immigrants and travelers coming to St. Louis, on their 
way bona fide to settle in the West, a building shall be erected upon 
a lot at some convenient point, a part of which shall be fitted up 
for lodging and boarding rooms, with a hall for use in the day; and 
on the lower floor, let there be kept the ofiice of the Secretary of 
the Board and the business room, to which immigrants and travelers 
may first be taken. This plan is subject to such modifications 
b}'' the Board of Commissioners as may be found convenient. This 
house shall have ample room for the deposit of baggage of the im- 
migrants, and for other necessary conveniences. An officer shall 
be appointed to be the Secretary and Business Agent of the Board. 
He shall collect all information needful for the benefit of immigrants 
and travelers, relating to climate, soil, character of land, &c., that 
will enable immigrants and travelers to learn, as far as practicable, 
all facts relating to localities by which they may determine the best 
place for them to go, and he shall. In' all means in his power, and 
in the manner required of him by the Board, keep up correct inform- 
ation upon all such subjects, and he shall use his best endeavors to 
procure and keep in his office all information needed for the pur- 
poses above named, and shall procure and keep registered, as far 
as practicable, a list of lands in different localities which may be 
offered to settlers, with a note of all facts relating thereto. 

Second. There shall be appointed an Assistant Secretary by 
the Board. He shall visit all boats and trains of cars arriving with 
immigrants and travelers, make himself known to them and give 
them such information on the spot as they should have to enable 
them to pass safely through the city, and, where they need assistance, 
he shall, under regulations to be adopted by the Board, take them 
to the building with their baggage when necessary, and see that 
they are safely placed within the chai'ge of agents of the house. 
There they shall by him be furnished with all necessary information 
as to boats, routes and lands, so as to be thoroughly infoi'med upon 
all points useful to them. Where immigrants are poor and needy, 
they shall be relieved under regulations to be prescribed by the 
Board. And it shall be the especial duty of this officer to protect 
immigrants and travelers from impositions and false information 
attempted by runners, and upon their departure this officer shall 
procure their tickets and superintend their shipment." 

After the full improvement of the Mullanphy estate, the 
princely revenue accruing from the rents will be exclusively donated 
to the assistance of needy immigTants. Many a friendless passengcf 
will yet bless the memory of him who organized his generosity into 
a perpetual beneficence. 

Even a general description of the Counties of Missouri would 
far exceed the prescribed limits of this pamphlet. Emigrants desir- 
ing such fullness of practical detail must procure the Geological 



63 

Eeports of the State, or wait till they reach St. Louis, where it will 
be easy to obtain all the information they need. Immigrants who 
have not already decided npon a location should buy through tickets 
to the farthest points which they purpose to explore. For, even in 
case they should not go quite to the proposed destination, the local 
rates are so high that it would still be a matter of economy to pur- 
chase the through ticket. 

Parties who propose to settle in the "West would do well to 
foi'm colonies. Then they could at once command the advantages 
of organized communities. They could bear with them their 
household gods, and rear in their honor sacred and secular temples 
— the church and the school house. The institutions transplanted 
from a less genial clime might flourish in our fertile soil with a 
richer growth and mature the fruitage of a still fairer civilization. 

Our limitless expanse of unsettled lands invites the occupancy 
of colonists. The population of Missouri is not pi'oportioned to 
the magnitude of the State. In 1860, our census was 1,182,000. 
If this State was as densely peopled as England, Missouri would 
contain a population of 25,000,000. By the extent and diversity of 
its resources, Missouri is better able to support this vast number in 
competency and independence than England is to maintain its present 
population. 

Missouri needs able-bodied men. There is opulence i-n muscle. 
The physical energies of a healthful man in the prim.e of life are 
appraised at $1,000. Every robust immigrant, however unblessed 
with the goods of fortune, enriches the State with his wealth of 
sinew. Our broad acres need the labors of myriads of workmen. 

The suppression of the rebellion is an augury of peaceful thrift. 
The restoration of the Union is a guarantee of National greatness. 
The American people are now entering upon a career of material 
prosperity to which the annals of political economy present no 
parallel. It requires no gift of prophecy to fortell the thronging 
millions who will, within a score of years, people this vast valley. A 
simple calculation based upon the tables of the census is all the in- 
spiration which the prediction demands. The tidal waves of pop- 
ulation which follow the star of empire will not pause in their 
westward flow, till they break against the rocky barriers of the 
Sierra Nevada. The rich mineral deposits of the Eocky Mountains 
will lead to an early settlement of the surrounding country. Soon 
tens of millions will people the vast domain which lies on the "sun- 
set side of the Father of Waters." Cottages, hamlets, cities will 
spring up. Every resource of nature will be explored. "Wealth 
will be developed. The industrial products of the country will 
reach aggregates which will startle the statistician. The Mississippi 
valley, whose annual yield of cereals now exceeds 1,000,000,000 
bushels, will become the granary of the world. Metallurgy will 
utilize in eountless forms and uses the rich products of our mines. 
Our manufactories will create capital, economize material, natur- 
alize gold, nationalize comfort, vindicate our industrial independence, 
and satisfy our American wants with domestic productions. The 
excliange of commodities, in obedience to the laws of demand and sup- 



ply will freight our railroads with the merchandize of a vast internal 
trade. Our vessels, laden with richer cargoes than the fabled 
freights of classic argosies, navigating every stream and traversing 
every main, will expand our inland and international commerce into 
still grander proportions. The restless energies of the Anglo- 
American character will achieve a greatness that will surpass 
precedent, and justify' to mankind the soundness of our faith in the 
incentives, stability and excellence of republican institutions. 

In the accomplishment of this great national destiny, Missouri 
will do her full part. Emerging from her fierce conflict with treason, 
triumphant yet sorely wounded, she will not now, with her brow 
radiant with the new luster of freedom and her loins girt with the 
untarnished cincture of loyalty, yield to any of her sister States in 
the generous rivalries of peace. But her present industrial force 
is not equal to the development of her resources. She urgently 
solicits assistance. She seeks the co-operation of the self-reliant 
laborers of New England, and of the two hundred thousand sturdy 
immigrants who are annually landing' at the port of New York, 
She promises a cordial welcome and liberal compensation to the 
higher classes of trained and skilful workmen. She especially 
needs educated labor. She appeals to an intelligent self-interest, 
and invites the potters, goldsmiths, watchmakers, vinedressers, silk- 
weavers, glassmakers and metallurgists of Europe to come to her 
heritage and better their condition. 

Free Missouri, instinct with the spirit of progress and loyal to 
the genius of republican liberty will welcome the immigrant to the 
enjoyment of her boundless advantages, and enrich his industry 
with generous recompense. Millions may accept the proffered 
hospitalities without exhausting the ample board which Missouri 
spreads upon her table lands. 



65 

RICH FARMS AND GOOD HOMES I 

AT LOW PRICES AND OK LIBEEAL TEEMS! 



THE HANNIBAL 8c ST. JOSEPH RAILROAD COMPANY 



OFFER FOR SALE OVER 



OP THE 

Best Prairie, Timber and Goal Lands in the West! 

IN FORTY ACRE LOTS OR MORE, 
OKT TTT^O OHL n?':ESJ>J- 'S'lEl.^a.H.S OH3ES3D3CT! 

AT PRICES RANGING FROM 

$2,4© to $3, $4, $5, $6, $9, $12, $15, &c., 

AVERAGIIVG UJVDER $10 PER ACRE. 

28 per Cent, is Deilnctefl from 10 Years Crclit Price if fully pail in 2 Tears! 

Free Fare. — Exploring Land buyers should get tickets at Land office in Ilannibal, in 
order to have fare on this Railroad refunded or allowed on first payment for land. 

Town lots in towns on the Railroad are sold for one-third of value down, one-third in 
one year, and one-third in two years with interest. 

These Railroad Lands are located in twenty counties in North Missouri, about as 
follows : 

COUNTIES. ACRES. COUNTIES. ACRES. 

Pike ' 1,520 Linn 56,200 

Ralls 1,560 Carroll 18,560 

Marion 1,530 Livingston 60,400 

Lewis 640 Grundy 4,560 

Knox 280 Caldwell 62^,360 

Monroe 8,006 Daviess 19,080 

Shelby 18,000 Clinton 89,720 

Randolph 4,960 DeKalb, 55,880 

Macon 83,240 Buchanan 1,24« 

Chariton 21,550 Andrew 2,320 



Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R, Land Circulars, 

Giving full particulars, are furnished gratis, and persons wishing to enlist their friends 
to emigrate with them should apply for all they want to circulate. 

A SECTIONAL MAP, showing the exact location of the lands, is sold at thirty 
ceata. Apply by letter or otherwise to 

GSO. S. HARRIS^ 

Land Commissioner H. & St. J. E, E., 

HANNIBAL, MO. 

5 



66 

MISSOURI RAIL ROAD 

With its southeastern terminus at St. Louis, with its anticipated extensions and branches 
and natural advantages, is destined to become one of the most important lines in the 
West. It will be a line of 

MORE THAN 400 MILES 

All in the State, 




TO THE 



mwA sf 4f 1 Mm 

It will extend 235 miles, and with connections, reach St. Paul and Dubuque. Its 
West Branch, with eastern terminus at Moberly, where it forms a junction with the 
main line, will touch Brunswick, 39 miles, and then stretching across the rich counties 
of Chariton, Carrol, Ray and Platte, reach the Missouri river again on the western llmi' 
of the State at Kansas City and Leavenworth, 280 miles from St. Louis. 



Of the North Missouri Railroad will connect at both places with the Union Pacific 
Railroad Eastern Division for Denver City and San Francisco : at Atchison with the 
Central Branch of the Pacific Railway, and at St. Joseph with the Council BlufiFs and 
Omaha Railway. 

It is a matter of special remark, that the route of the North Missouri Railroad from 
St. Louis to Kansas City wiU bo 15 miles, and to Leavenworth 35 miles shorter than by 
any other lino. 

AMOTHEB SPUE OF 11 MILES 

Will soon be running from the main line at Centralia to Columbia, Boono County. And 
another still is seriously contemplated 

PK@ii uoBiRLY TO) mmmukL, 

Qiviog another eastern terminus on the Mississippi, 150 miles above St. Louis. Such 
are some of the features and outlines of the North Missouri Railroad, and its extensiouF, 
•oomprehending nearly 

500 MILES OF RAIL ROAD LINE, 

All in the State of Missouri. . 

It will be a magnificent monument to the enterprise and foresight of its builders, and 
at the same time an immeasurable benefit to the State. It will form a link in the great 
lines that cross the contine^it, and thus be oi advantage to the nation, while it buildg up 
and incr<»8S(;.-:s the value of the localities in which it i? laiii. 



67 

The North Missouri R. 

Is located in a territory, on the whole, equal to anything in the United States though 
now but sparsely populated. The counties through which it runs, must become populous 
centres, both on account of the various crops that can be easily produced, and marketed, 
and because of its additional rich mineral wealth, and its healthy climate at once 
temperate and beautiful 

EMIGRANTS FROM THE EAST 

Passing over our verdant prairies, belted with timber, and intersected with 



streams are delighted. 



Nature here has done her best, but asks for the busy hand of industry and art 
to create fresh beauty, and new wealth. A few years since, there were hardly 
any settlements or towns from St. Charles to Macon. Now, there are 

FOHTY BUSY TOWNS END VtUAGES 

That have started up on the prairies, and are growing with rapidity. They are 
fortunate, who early find out the resources of Missouri, and invest at the low 
prices of the present time. 



if #€E mmi 



J)' 



There is no liner country ^or stock or shpep raising than North Missouri. The 
short winters, the icutritious grasses, the climate, with the low price of lands, 
and easy access to market cotispire to favor Missouri in the business of wool 
growing and stock raising, beyond most of her sister states. 

FRUIT C^ROWINC^. 

Audrain and the counties south and west of it are peculiarly adapted to the 
culture of fruits of the finest qualities and in great abundance. If in any thing 
Missouri is sure to excel, it will be in the culture of the grape. 

Wine, of the most superior kinds is made on the Missouri river. Some vine- 
yards produced from $500 to $2000 to the acre in past years. 

Pifices of Lunds* 

Through all these various counties the prices differ according to location and 
advantages, and range from 

$5 Ta $30 FOR IMPROVED AND UfflPlYED LODS. 

Some of these lands, for which $10, and $15 per acre are asked, are superior 
to lauds in the Eastern States, for which $50, to $100 are demanded. 



t8 




t%W 



ON THE 



OF THE 




AILWAY 



i 



Km ot$TA«cE mm sr. touts. 



St. Louis 

Bellefontaine 4 

Bridgton 14 

Section 16—17 

Ferry Landing 19 

St. Charles 20 

Dardenne 

O'Fallon 

Perruque 

G-ilmore 39 

Wentzville 42 

Millville 49 

Wrights 52 

Warrenton 58 

Pendleton 64 

Jonesburg 68 



High Hill '. TS 

Florence 77 

Montgomery 83 

Wellsburg ..; 90 

Martinsburg 94 

Jeffstovvn 101 

Mexico 108 

Thompsons 114 

Centralia 121 

Sturgeon 130 

Renick 140 

Allen 147 

Cairo 153 

Jacksonville 158 

Butler 162 

Macon 168 



NOTICE TO EMIGRAMTS. 

Parties desiring further information about the lands on the North Missouri 
Railway are referred to : 

HON. JAMES S. ROLLINS , Columbia, Boone Co. 

JUDGE J. P. CLARK, Mexico, Audrain Co. 

GEN. JAMES SHIELDS, Carrollon, Carrol Co. 

JUDGE L. SALISBURY Salisbury, Chariton Co. 

JUDGE DAVIS Brumioick " 

COL. FREDERICK MORSEY Warrtnton, Warren Co. 

N. B. COATES, ESQ Huntsville, Randolph Co. 

W, R. SAMUEL, ESQ 



69 




AGIFIC RAILROAD 



(OF m:issoxjri-) 



TO 



ANSAS CIT^, 

Lawrence, Fort Riley, Junction City, 



c^^ 



AND 



.1 m.ir w/^ipj 



AND DIRECT ROUTE TO 



Weston, Atchison, St. Joseph, 



9 

AND ALL POINTS ON THE UPPER MISSOURI. 



TWO THBOUGH lUXU tEAVE ST. tOUJS 

AS FOLLOWS : 

Mail Train every Morning, except Sunday, 
Express Train every Evening, except Saturday. 

SLEEPING CABS ON EXPRESS TRAINS. 

THEOUGH TO LEAVENWOETH WITHOUT CHANGE, 

Coanecting at WTANDOIIE with Trains od Union Paciflc Railway, 

FORT RILEY & JUNCTION CITY. 

CAN BE SECURED AT TIIK 

TICKET OFFICE, 42 FOURTH STREET, 
under the Planters House, 

AT KANSAS CITY, SANDERSON'S STAGE COMPANY 

Offers excellent facilities for transportation, and the most direct route for passengers t« 

con 4 Piiiis II siiii[ii mm. 



70 



THE PACIFIC RAILROAD 

(OF m:issoxjr,i,) 

Is now completed and opened for the 

TRAKORTATION OF PISSEN&EES AND FREIGHT 
IT EUHS FROM ST. LOUIS 

TO 

Kansas City^ 283 Miles^ 

TUENCE, fflTHOUX CHANGE OF CARS, TO 
CONNECTIXQ WITH THE 

mm vmm mm^H at wva«ootte» 

— FOR — 

LAWRENCE, TOPEKII, MANHATTAN, 

FT. MILET & JUNCTION CITY, 

AND WITH PACKET AND PLATTE COUNTRY R. R. FOR 

WiST@I!«, ^TCMBSOIM, ST. JOSiPP, 

Council Bluffs, Omaha and all points on the Upper Missouri, 

And is the most direct and only all Rail Route to those points. 

OverW Stages aiFreiilit Liis for Denver Citj aM Sai!a Fe 

Run from tUa Western Terraiuua of the Union Pacific Railroad, other lines also branch out iu every 
direclion, running daily stages and rencliirig every important point iu 

Middle, Western and South-Western Kansas, 

And the States and Territones adjoining. 
A great inducement to emigrants and those who propose to select choice farms for settlement and 
culture, is the munificent labd grant donated to the Union Pacific Railway by the general Govern- 
ment, of 1,200,000 acres. This tract comprises the celebrated Delaware and Pottawattamie Indian Re- 
serves, consisting of the Finest Land for Agricultural and Grazing Purposes, with an abundunco 
of choice timber, water and coal, to be found in the Western States or Territories. These lamis are 
now in the market to actual settlers, at the low price of horn 

#3 TO #10 PER, ACR,E, 

Upon the most convenient terms to the purchaser. 

TICKET OFFICES IN ST. LOUIS: 

No. 42 FOURTH STREET, under Planter's House, 

AND AT THE DEPOT, COR OF SEVENTH &. POPLAR STREETS. 

W. 0. LEWIS, C. K. PRATT, T. MCKiSSOCK, 

Gen'l Ticket Agent Passenger Agent. Sup't. 



71 



€iri€ m4ii.m#4 



(OF MISSOURI.) 



,Y ALL RAIL LINE 



'XO 







X Uat ^ttil^^nL) X¥X Jx JX xX^ni X XxjiJ^j 



AND 



S^ i^^ .K\ 



W Wr ^K VRF ^ ^ ^R 




3 



AND 



THE MOST DI 



nn'S!^ 



TO ALL POINTS IN 



WESTERN 



mnmn Missouri, 



J^1<T1D TKCE TEI^. I^ITOI^IES. 



ALSO TO 



THE UPPEH MISSOUBU 



THROUGH TICKETS 

For sale at all the principal E, E. Ofiices. 



72 
2,000,000 lJI|lirCI l}ftl| Iff ! RICHEST 

Acres of Laul ! IllllllliiJ 1 Uil ll LL 1 Lands in Kansas ! 



UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY, 



The UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY, EASTERN DIVISION, are now 
•ffering for sale 

2.000,000 ACRES OF LAND ! 

In the Most Fertile and Productive Portion 
of the State of Kansas, 

Comprising some 250,000 acres situated in the 

VALLEF OF THE KAW OR KANSAS RITER ! 

Known as the " DELAWARE INDIAN RESERVE," and 350,000 acres known as the 

"POTTAWATTAMIE EES3Eil¥ATI<3N" 

Together with some 

300,000 Acres of Congressional Lands ! ! 

All the above lands lie Ea?t of Fort Riley. The Company have also more than 
1,000,000 acres of land for sale west of Fort Riley, in the rich valleys of the 

SMOKY HIIL. THE SOLOMON AND SALINE RIVERS. 

These lands are unsurpassed for fertility. The SOIL IS BLACK LOAM FROM 
TWO TO THREE FEET IN DEPTH, and *are all convenient to rail road communi- 
cation, lying FOR TWENTY MILES ON EACH SIDE of the 

Great Highway of Travel to the Pacific Ocean! 

In the list of Grain and Stock growing States Kansas stands preeminently first. 
The mildness and evenness of its climate renders Stock raising both easy and remu- 
nerative, Cattle graze for eight months of the year, and tiie extensive prairies 
afford an unlimited supply of winter provender without the labor of cultivation. 

Corn planting may be commenced during the mouths of April, May and June- 
Winter Wheat, owing to the absence of frosts, matures in June, and the average yield 
ia 30 bushels per acre. Corn yields from 50 to 100 bushels per acre, dependent on the 
maoQner in which it is worked. 



Are grown to great advantage. Peaches, Pears, Apples, Plums and Crapes very rarely 
fail to produce abundantly. The culture of the Grape is ea«y, r.ud wiue-making will ia 
the future be one of the most lucrative ursuits. There is an 



73 

Abundance of Pure VW&iGV 

For farm and other purposes. The Eastern part of tlio State is particularly well 
watered with constant streams. Springs are numerous, and where they are wanting 
good water can be obtained by digging from 15 to 30 feet. 

The valley of the Saline River is rich in SALT SPRINGS, and several companies are 
already manufacturing Salt for Eastern markets. 



There is an abundant supply of timber in the Eastern part of the State, consisting 
of Oak, Walnut, liackberry, Elm and Hickory, and groves of Cottonwood and Bom« 
hard wood are found along all the streams west of Fort Riley. 

BUILDING MATERIALS. 

The finest quality of Lime stone for building purposes is found throughout the Btata 
of Kansas, and crops out in the Bluffs along the valleys of all the rivers. Sandstone is 
also found in many places. Timber is supplied by numerous saw mills in successful 
operation along the line of the Road. 



A stratum of coal underlies the entire eastern portion of the State, cropping out along 
tiio various streams in seams of from 18 to 20 inches. A vein, some three feet thick, has 
been reached by borings at Fort Leavenworth. Veins of a greater thickness occur near 
Port Scott, and in the Sac and Fox lands. New deposits are constantly being discovered. 

The Climate of Kansas is Remarkably Healthful. 

There are no prevailing diseases, and consumption is almost unknown. The atmosphere 
is clear, dry and invigorating. Rains are frequent, the annual fall of rain exceeding 
that of western New York. 

The educational facilities arc good. The common schools are endowed with larg« 
grants of land, and Normal Schools are in successful operation in various parts of the 
State. Through the facilities offered by the Railroad to emigrants seeking homes in 
the West, Kans.as is rapidly filling up with an active, enterprising and intelligent popu- 
lation. It has been estimated that the population was increased 50,000 souls during 
the year 1866. 

THE mm ?mm utmm oomMV, e. k 

Now offer these lands for sale at from 

$1,25 TO $10,00 PER ACRE! 

and in tracts to suit purchasers. * 



For further particulars, maps of lands, terms &c., address 

JOHN P. BEVEREnX, 

Land Commissioner, TOPEKA, KANSAS. 

Or OHAS. B. LAMBORN, 

Secretary U. P. E. W. 00 E. D. 



74. 



TonN T>. Perbt. President. 
W. W. Wright. Ocu I Siip't. 
Chas. B. IjAMBORn, Si'cietary. 
T. F. Oakes, Geii'l Agent.. 



Adolphus Metkr, Vice President. 
W. J Palmkr, 'I'iciisuier. 
S. T. Smith, Aiidiior. 
Jno. M. W liBSTi.K, Gfcii'l Freif;lit& Ticket Agt. 



DEaCill :Ei.o-o.1;o! 





OPEIV FOIi BUSINESS 

From Wyandotte and I.,eavenv»'ortli, on the Missour 
River, to Fort Uiley, Junction City, and Aliilene, 
Kansas, 165 miles west, and will be completed 
to Fort Harker by April 186^. 

In connection witli tlie Pacific Railroad of Mis-souri, and tlie 11annib.4l and St. Joseph Eailroad form 

— FROM — 

NEW YORK, BOSTON, PIIILADELPIII.i, WASHINGTON, BALTIMORE, 

CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO, CAIRO, ME.MPHIS, 

NASHVILLE, NEW ORLEANS, CHARLESTON, 

And all piiiicipal Cities North, East and South. To 



Laivrence, 
Fort miey, 
Salhia, 



Denver City, 



Topelca, Wamego^ Manhattan, 

^function City, Abilene, Solomon City, 

Ft. Ellswortli, Pond Creek, Santa Fe, 



Salt Lake City, 



AND ALI> POINTS IN 



OREGON AND NEW MEXICO. 

Trains leave Wyandotte and Leavenworth daily on arrival of cars of Pacific Rail- 
road of Mo. from St. Louis, and IIannibai. and St. Joseph Railroad from Quincy, 
for all points in Western and Southern Kansas, and the Territories. 

THE UNITED STATES EXPRESS CO.'S OVEKLAUD MAIL & EXPRESS COACHES 
leave the Western Terminus of the Road daily on arrival of cars, for Denver City, 
Salt Lake City, Central City, Boise City, and all the principal places and cities of 
Colorado, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Oregon and California. 

BARLOW, SANDERSON & CO.'S SANTA FE COACHES 

Leave the end of the Road every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for Fort Bent, 
Taos, Fort Union, Santa Fe, Albuquerque, and all points in Arizona and New Mexico. 

schedule: TIlMJtG. 

Denver City to New York 6 days. 

Denver City to St. Louis SJ^ days. 

Denver City to Chicago 4 days. 

The southerly location of this route secures exemption from delays and stoppages 
occasioned by snow, and travellers make 

than by any other route to the Mountains. It is the most reliable and popular route 
between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Coast. 

The Boiling Stock and Equipments are new, and unsurpasseil in durability and 
elegance. Passengers taking this route save time and ensure comfort. 

The choice of two first-class routes from the East is offered to shippers, and through 
contracts may be made for freight to Denver and Santa Fe on application to any of the 
oflBcers of the Great Western Dispatch Co., or of V/oolworth & Barton, No. 254 Broad 
way, New York. 

JNO. M. WEBSTER, ADNA ANDEESON, 

Gen'l Preight & Ticket Ag't. Gen'l Sup't. 



75 



LEAD & OIL COMPANY, 

MANUFACTDRERR OF 

WHITE LEAD, LINSEED & CASTQB OILS. 



ST. LOUIS 

IBD miD OIL 

CO.'S 




WARRATNTTED 

STRICTLY PHEE 

WHITE LEAD. 



Stmalai^l Wmw^ 1 



The Company prepare White Lead under the following brands : 



Standard OTallon, 

Superior, 

Fulton, 



Star, Union, 

Premium, Laclede, 

Bellefontaine. 



They also prepare White Lead for their correspondents by special formulas 
and furnish special brands or labels. 

The White Lead manufactured by this Co. is guaranteed to equal in qual- 
ity any manufactured and sold at the same price in this country. It is 
packed in the patent or common keg, or in tin pails, strongly cased. 



RAW AND BOILED LINSEED OIL, 

No. 1 WHITE & S. S. OASTOE OIL. 



FACTORY: CASS AVBNUE & SECOND STREET, 

OFFICE: 52T N. SECOND ST, 

CORNER OF WASHINGTON AVENUE. 



W. H. PDLSIFER, President. 



JAMES S. WATERS, Secretary. 



76 




F[[D 
MAdHINE. 



-*o}«:o 



Combines all the good Qualities 

Of other first-class machines, and possesses many 

ADVANTAGES OVER ANV AND All OF THEM ! 

AJSTD THE 

Only one Capable of Sewing in More 
than One Direction. 

A few of the Superior Qnalifies of the Florence over all others are : 

The needle is easily adjusted. 

It is the only machine that can securely fasten both ends of 
each seam. 

It is almost noiseless, and can be used where quiet is necessary. 

It uses and wastes less thread than any other machine. 

Every machine is furnished with a corder, braider, hemmer, that 
will turn any width of hem, Barnum's Self-sewer, needles, oil, &c. 

j5@°"It makes /our distinct stitches — the lock, knot, double lock, and 
double knot — on one and the same machine. Each stitch is alike on 
both sides of the fabric. 

J5@"It has the reversible feed motion, which enables the operator, 
by simply turning a thumb screw, to have the work run either to 
the right or left, to stay any part of the seam, or fasten the ends of 
seams, without turning the fabric, or stopping the machine. 

B^Changing the length of stitch, and from one kind of stitch 
to another, can readily be done while the machiue is in motion. 

l^^Every stitch is perfect in itself, making the seam secure and 
uniform. We warrant every machine to be what we claim for it, 
and will give a written warranty if required. 

For circulars and samples of sewing, enclose a stamp, and 
address 

WILLIAM E. PLAIT, Gen'l Western Ag\ 

h. m CHEST\UT STREET. NEAR TBE COURT aOUSE. P. 0. BOX 2i72, STc LQUlDSr RS(?~. 



77 



mmiK COMPANY 



CHAELES BELCHER. EDWARD T. WARE, 

PRESIDENT. SECRETARY. 



ALL GRADES OP 

REFINED SUGAR AND SYRUP 



CRUSHED, POWDERED, (JEAHDLATED 

WHITE AND YELLOW COFFEE SUGAR 

In Barrels and Half Barrels. 

Gi-03La33E3r^ ®"Sr:E=LXJ:E=»» 

SUGAR HOUSE SYRUP MOLASSES 

IN BARRELS, HALF BARRELS AND KEGS. 



B@"Orders, accompanied by a remittance, addressed to Edward 
T. Ware, Secretary, will be promptly filled at lowest prices. 
Price lists will be regularly sent, if applied for. 



78 



NATIONAL LOAN BANK 

OIP ST. LOTJIS 

BANKING HOUSE: 

210 NORTH THIRD STREET, 



SECOND DOOR SOUTH OF POSTOFFICB. 



CAPITAL, $250,000. 

T. B. EDGAE, Pres. CHAUNCBY I. FILLEY, 

CHAELES HOLMES, JOSHUA CHEEYEE, 

WILLIAM H. MAUEICE, Cashier. 

OUSHEMT Km ttm DEPOSITS HHGEtVEO. 

INTEEEST ALLOWED ON TIME DEPOSITS 

^t tlie Hate of 



5 per Cent, per Annum for three Months, 

This Bank makes the 



« cc « c< civ- f^ 



OP ALL KINDS OF 



GOVERNMENT SECURITIES 

A speciality, paying at all times the most liberal prices for 

5-20 BONDS OF ALL ISSUES, 

10-40 BONDS, 

7-30 NOTES, 

COMPOUND INTEEBST NOTES, and 

UNION MILITAEY BONDS. 

Parties forwarding any description of Securities to this Bank for sale can 
rely upon receiving the highest market price for the same, and the proceeds 
remitted promptly on day of sale. 

WM. H. MAUEICE, Cashier. 



79 
AND 

ILLIKOIS BRIDGE COMPANY. 

O XT' F-l CE: 

FORTH-WEST COE. THIRD & PINE STS. 

OVER NATIONAL STATE BANK OF MISSOURI. 

CHAS. K. DICKSON, President. 

JAS. BLACKMAN, Y ice President. 

JOSEPH C. CABOT, • Secretary, 

JAS. B. EADS, Chief Engineer. 

JOHN M. KEIJM, Counsellor. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 

CHAS. K. DICKSON, JAS. BLACKMAN, JAS. B. EADS, 

AMOS COTTING, WM. TAUSSIG, BARTON BATES, 

TT?OS. 0. SCOTT, JOSIAII FOGG, JNO. R. LIONBERGER. 

Tice Pres. Peiin. Central R. R. 

THE SL LOUIS AND ILLINOIS BRIDGE 

WILL EXTEND FROM 

THIRD STREET, ON WASHIKGTON AVE., 

ACROSS TO 

Bloody Island and the Dyke, 

It is located at the very centre of the city. Washington 
Avenue is the widest and finest street in St. Louis. The Company 

OWN AN ABSOLUTE AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF W4Y. 

Some of the heaviest railroad corporations and banking institution b 
in the country have taken stock in the Company. 

Of the work are nearly completed. Two assessments on the stock 
subscription have already been paid, and two more will be called 
in by the first of next August. 



8C 






w 



nmmmm 




m. 



EO. H. EEA, President, St. Louis. 
Wffl. H. SCUDDER, Secretary, St. Louis 
G. G. RUSSELL, Superintendent, St. Louis, 
J, T. BDRDEAU, General Agent, New Orleans, 



OFiniCE: 



ONWHARF BOATt FOOT OF PLUM STHEET, 

ST. HiOXJIS. 



THIS COMPANY IS NOW PREPARED 



TO TOW BARGES & TRANSPORT FREIGHTS 

In Bulls OF o'tkesp'i^ise 
IN AS QUICK TIME ASD AT LESS PRICE 



THM BY AHY OTHER METHOD OF TEASSPaETATIOB 



81 



SAML C. DAVIS & CO., 



WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 








■J^ ^^ 1^1^^ 



mm 




% w 



'P 



ai:"^^ 







^ ^s ^ 







Mos. e ^ lO J^. MAIN ST.^ 

ST. LOUIS, livdlO. 



We invite the attention 



OF THE 







TO OUR 



LARGE AND WELL ASSORTED STODK. 



f&7 



B. 8 ENTER. 



J. P, COLLIER. 



R, RA1S"KF.!V. 



SENTER, COLLIER & RAIKE] 



Successors to CABOT & SENTER, 



W 






#ii m 






KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND 



OF 



AND 



FANCY 



WHICH THEY OFFER TO THB TRADE AT 







i 



2^ 



i urn m ill siiiciie siock 




No. 305, Old No. 76, 



NORTH SECI 



«jij £ 



;f , MWis. ii#, 



83 





:^<^^ 









® 



fF% H^ Menton ^ €o.^ 



IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 



DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, &C., 

NO. 513 NORTH MAIN ST., 

Are daily adding new importations of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, purchased for casli.. 
and ofifer greater inducements to Cash Buyers than any other house in the West. 
Their NOTION DEPARTMENT is now unexcelled by any house in the Western 
Country. They have now in store the best selected and most extensive stock of 

HOSIERY AND GLOVES, 

Ever exhibited in the United States, and are constantly receiving by direct importation 
a complete assortment of all the most popular brands of 

Which they oflFer at greatly reduced prices to merchants purchasing for cash. Thi» 

House, selling exclusively for cash defies competition, and asks the trade to. call and 

examine their magnificent stock of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods. Their facilities for 

purchasing are far superior to those of any of their competitors, and their 

Enables them to purchase their entire stock at 



m 



IPI 



W. fir. Memtom ^ €0.9 

Having determined to adhere strictly to 
Can aflFord to offer 

GREAT BARGAINS TO CASH BUYERS. 



84 



HARDW ARE AND CU TLERY. 
PBATT & FOX, 

COR. MAIN STREET AND WASHINGTON AVE., 

ST« IflOUIS^ MO. 



We have in stock and are daily receiving some choice patterns of 

TABLE AND POCKET 



TO WHICH WE INVITE THE ATTENTION OF THE TKADE. 

Ako a large stock of 

THACE CHAINS, LOG CHAINS, 

COIL CHAINS, HALTEB CHAINS, 

''G^^ HORSE NAILS, ANVILS, VICES. 

And a general assortment of 

FOBEIOM AND AMERICAN HARDWARE, 

Which we offer to the trade at the lowest market quotations. 

FORSYTH & GO'S STANDARD SCALES. 

A large stock of every description of above Scales always on hand, and sold 
at "Manufactiireus' Prices". Sole Proprietors of 

"MeHden&all's" Improved Patent Hand looin, 

For Missouri, Kansas, and all the Territories. Agents for 

"AMERICAN FILE COMPANY'S" FILES. 

A large and well assorted stock always on hand, AVarranted equal to any 
American File, and sold at "Manufacturers' List Price," Also Agents for 

HERMSG'g FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF SAFES. 

A full stock of 

Hunt's Axes, **Ames'" and* '^Rowland's'' Shovels and Spader, 

J*ic7cs, Miners' Tools, Builders' Hardware and 

Railroad. Supplies, always on hand, 

Which we offer at lowest market rates. 



85 



CHAUIiCEY I. FILLEY 



\t^ ^@mi 



13II1ICCT IIMPOR-TKR. A.N1L> JOBBER, OF 




AND 




AV/'Af /A\/< 




!^ ^^ ^^ 



mm 






■&ai Oil Eitttnps^ 




FRUIT JARS, &c. 



Dealing direct both Avith foreign and borne manufacturors 
in all his wares and having the exclusive control of the Mound 
City and Kansas Shapes of 

WHITE CnANtTE QUEENSWAHE 

In the United States, offers inducements in the magnitude and 
variety of his Stock, and uniform low prices, that cannot fail to 
suit Western Buyers and more than compete with an^^ market 
ill the United States. 

Dealers will be supplied with circulars and full list of shapesi 
and sizes upon application. 



SB 



WAYMAN CHOW. 
MM. A. HARQADINE. 



irUGII MoKITTRICK. 
D. D. WALKER. 



JSXK 



®A/r>^\ <S^^ ^^^ 



Mm m/^ mm ^& ^w 



CROW, W'CRECRY * C 



^^P 



WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 







Wo. 216 North Main Street, 



■ a fflPs 



♦ ♦ ♦ 



WE KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND A 

LARGE & WELL SELECTED STOCK 

OF 

S JEl A S O M A B la K 

3h^h and ^mt^ Jig iioocljsi, 

Which we buy with Cash and will sell 
J^*0RDERS SOLICITED AND EXECUTED PROMPTLY.^lia? 

TERMS, CASH. . 

Crow, McCreery & Co, 



87 



A GOOD COOKING STOVE 

Is one of the most necessary and desirable articles of household economy, and if 
properly managed, will promote the health, comfort and happiness of every member of 
the family. 

NO COOKING STOVES 

Have ever been brought before the public which attained so great a popularity or met 
with more favor than the 

CHARTER OAK 

AND !; 
OVER 100,000 OF THESE CELEBRATED 

Have been sold ander full guarantee, and we ofifer them as reference wherever found. 



S^. 



> 
o 

Ph 

M 

Eh 



r- 




, o 
e4 H 



o 



Has but one damper, and is "so simple in^ its construction that a child can manage it. 
The ovens are larger, bake more uniform, and the Stove heavier than any Cooking 
Stove of corresponding size ever made. 

HOUSEKEEPERS, STOVE DEALERS AND TtMNERS 

"Can rely upon being supplied at the lowest rates, and will find it to their advantage to 
send for and examine our price List and Catalogues before purchasing elsewhere. Address 

EXCELSIOR MANUFAGTORIHG COMPANY, 



612 & 614 MAIN STREET,, 



ST. LOUIS, MO. 



88 




MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 



^^^Ji 



Hard 




CARRIAGE TRIMMINGS 



,1^^ £i©l 



HAVE ON HAND 

Tbe largest & Best Assorted Stock of Goods^ 

To be found in the West, comprising every variety and pattern of 

BUCKLES, STIRRUPS, 



a€#l 



gi^^ 



e)»j] 



lagi^ 



HAMES AND OOLLAES, 

l©§^ Spring §, ®Q)8t§, 



AND 



Carriage Trimmings generally. 

Most of our staple goods we manufacture, and in addition to 
this advantage, are prepared to sell many goods at eastern manu- 
facturers' prices. Orders solicited. 

HAYDEN, WILSONS & ALLEN. 



89 





VITRIFIKB STOWH PIPE 

8 TO 88 INCHES IN DIAMETER, FOR 

SEWERS, CULVERTS, DRAINS, AQUADUCTS, &c., 

Also, Jugs, Jars, Bottles, Pots, Crocks, Pans, &c., 

p>iiicii: LIST. 

3 inch Socket Pipe, per foot,. . .18 cents 12 inch Socket Pipe, per foot 

4 " " '• " ...20 " 12 " King " " 




U^ 6 



...SO 
...40 
...45 
...55 



15 

18 
22 



60 


::ent3 


5& 


'■ 


.... 75 


(; 


...1 00 


" 


...1 30 
h. 


t: 





CHIMNEY TOPS $2 to a eacli. 

Stench Traps $1 to $10 each. Junctions, Curves, Elbows and otlier Irregulars each 
coui)te<l same as tliree feet of pipe. Stoneware 15 to 17 cents per gallon. 

.<J;;g-Oi (111 s by mail, addressed to the Secretary, promptly attended to, and ship- 
ments made to all points accessible by river or railroad, on receipt of money. 

Manufactory, S. E. Cor. 7th & Jiussell Ave.^ 

OFFICE, NO. 223 NORTH THIRD STREET, ST LOUIS, MO. 



STEPHEN PARTRIDGE. Pres. 



W.M. \V. STICKNEY, 3scr. 






"SLiaO," ^'G. D. H," "TYEONE," Every Description of Size, 

FLAT, ROU^D, SQUARE, OVAL, HOOP, SHEET, 
PLOW SLABS, BOILER PLATE, 

SE SHOES AMD NAILS, 



^■^^t Steely all ^ize^^ 

AND AM, KINDS OF 

WOOD WOEE FOE WAGON & PLOW MAKERS. 

The quality of our Iron and Steel is unsurpassed, and our prices made to conform 
to current market rates. 

TEKMS CASH. Orders solicited and carefully executed. 

GEO. D. HALL, Sligo Iron Store, 

No. 1007 NORTH SECOND STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. 



n 



THE GROVER & BAKER 

ELASTIC STIT€H 

SEWING MACHINES 



ARE EECOMMENDED FOll THE 



In the Ease of Learning, in freedom from getting out of order, for its great 
range of work, the beauty of its stitching, 

FELLmG, QCILTIEG, TUCKISG, HEMMING, BRAIDING, CORDING, 

For the Elasticity of its Stitch, which admits of the strain direct upon the fabric, ani 
act upon the thread, so that it will never break or rip, making the 'most durable of 
machine-sewing. 



511 NORTH FOURTH STREET, 



m.wt 



ESTABLISHED IN 1846, 



^ 



—AND- 



BALMER. WEBER & CD'S 




ML M 

I^ M ^^rA IMt w^ w^ 



^ 



nmt% mxsmm, scHoot onoMs, 
BALMER & WEBER, 

m 209 NORTH FOURTH STREET, SOLE AGENTS. 



Any piece music to be found at this house. 



91 




'•n 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



FieEiii m§ ioiESTi® 











f 



No. 200, Old No. 43, Main Street, 



COIiNEI?, OF I^IIVE, 



#wis, m% 



EINGSLAWDS & FERGUSON, 



Ph.@©®ls W- 



— AND- 



OFFICE : Corner Second and Cherry Streets, ST. LOUIS, MO. 

MiAIsrUIT'ACTILJRER.S OW 

PORTABLE CIRCULAR SAW MILLS. 

STEAM ENGINES & BOILERS, op all kinds. 

COX & ROBERTS' PATENT THRESHER & CLEANER. 

BALL'S OHIO MOWER AND REAPER. 

HAND AND POWER CORN SHELLERS. 

COTTON GINS. COTTON PRESSES. CANE MILLS. 

DRAG SAW MILLS. WOOD SPLITTERS. 

HORSE POWERS AND CASTINGS, of every description. 



92 



JOSIAH FOGG. 



JOHN McLENNAN. 





Proprietors, 



^3? 



LOTJIS, 



-^O' 



BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OP MISSOURI. 





TISII Mil \MMIMI fflMDIiiV 

lUfiL Lirt INdurllllli: LIllrAnf, 

Office : 513 Olive St., betw. Fifth & Sixth. 

^^ssets, Janixary 1, ISOT", ^l,303,ieS 13 

AND EAPIDLY INCREASING. 
Dividend, of* January 1, ISGT", Fox*ty Pei* Oent. 



D. A. .Tandart, Pregident. Wm. N. Benton, General Agent. 

James 11. Lucas, Vice President. I)R. John T. IIodgbn, CoiTHuliiiij; Physician. 

W. T. Seldy, Secretary. Clink & Jamison, Legal A'ivisejs. 

Wm. M. McPheeters, M. D. Examining Pliysiciun, 

At Office of tlie Company, daily, from 12 to 1 o'clock and 3 to 4 o'clock P. M. 



James H Lucas. 
Samuel Willi, 
Theodore Laveille, 
Chas. II. Peck, 
RoBT. K. Woods, 
Jules Valle, 
Geo. R. Robinson, 



Robert E. Cakr, 
John F. I'hornton, 
Ben. M. Runtan, 
Hon. John IIohan, 
Henry Overstoiz, 
NiCH. Schaefper, 
AVilliam T. Gay, 



David Keith, 
R. P. IIanknkamp, 
L. II. Baker, 
D. A. .Ianuart, 
Wm. J. Lettis, 
V. Rozier, Jr., 
Jacob Tamm. 



^^~This is the leading institution of the Mississippi Valley. Send for one of its 
circulars and exarnino its rates and desirable plans of Insurance^ before insuring 
elsewhere. 



93 



JAMES HAERISON, Pres't. JULES VALLE, Vice Pres't. JNO. BOaGS, SecV . 

LACLEDE IRON & MAMFACTDRINd CO. 

(Successors to CHOUTEAU, HARRISON & VALLE,) 



*» 



11. Lmi^, mQ\ 



PROPRIKTORS OF THE 



,@lllai 



'?> 



MANUFACTURE AND DEAL IN EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 



merchant Bar. Boiler Plate and Iron, Car Axles, Railroad and Boat 
Spil^es, Boiler Rivets, &c>, &Ct 



JAS. HARRISON, Pres't. JULES VALLE, Vice Pres't. CHAS. A, PILLEY. Sec'y. 

AMERICAN IRON MOUNTAIN COMPANY, 

St. I^oiiijs Offices 603 IVortli Second Sti-eet, 

MANUFACTURE AND DEAL IN 

lEON MOUNTAIN, MALLEABLE, OAU WHEEL, MILL AND FOUNDEY PIG lEOU, 

AND IRON MOUNTAIN ORE. 



JOI 




ODD FELLOWS' HALL, 

CORNER OF FOURTH & LOCUST 5 

ST. LOiCS, H®. 



THIS IS A FULL COURSE COMMERCIAL OR BUSINESS COLLE&E. 

IN ALL ITS DEPARTMENTS PERFECT, 

The President is a practical Accountant and Teacher of Twenty-six Years' 
standing in this city. The entire routine of the respective departments is 
.founded upon ACTUAL BUSINESS, and made to conform to the exact re- 
quirements of the Counting-house; and Book-keeping as adapted to the Whole- 
sale, Retail, Banking, Mamifaduring and Commission Business, &c. Hundreds 
of the oldest and most prominent busines.s-men and book-keepers of this city 
have been educated in this Institution, to whom personal reference will be given 
upon application to 

JONATHAN JONES, 

Fourth and Locust Streets. , 



94 



JAMES COLLINS, 

Late of Gaty, McCune Sf Co. 



JNO. J. IIOLLIDAY. 



.¥, 



COLLINS Sc 
Ho. 313 Garr St., St. I«ouis, 

BIANUFACTUREES OF 

STATIONARY & PORTABLE STEAM EN&IMS & BOILERS, 

MULAY AND CmCOLAR SAW MILLS, 

Saiv and Grist Mill Macliiiiery, RoISing Mill and Blast 
Furnace Castings, Wrought Shafting and House TFork, 
Parker & Johnston's Water Wheels, Tol>arco and Lard 
Press Screws, and Compound Tobacco Presses, L.ard 
Rettles, and Iron and Brass CASTIIVGS, of every 
kind 5 also, Quartz Mills and Smelting Furnaces 
of the most approved descriptions. 

\l^ Particular attention 2>(iid to Steafnboat WorJc, 



JheUM 



KNITS A STOCKING 

COMPLETE!! 

Forming the Heel and narrowing off 
the Toe as it goes along. 

It Sets Up its Oivn Work, 

Widens and narrows by varying the number of loops, the same as in hand-knitting. No 
other machine in the world can do any one of these things. It knits a yard of plain work 

i]V TEN m:iivtjtes, 

A pair of socks complete IN HALF AN HOUR, and an endless variety of fancy fabrics. 




Every^Machine'.Warranted 
to Work as Represented. 

Circulars and sample stocking sent to 
any address on receipt of stamps. 

M. W. LEET, 

General Agent, 
No. 11 NORTH 5th STREET, 





mm LfiCHiiE. 



The Champion ■ ■ of 136 first pre? 
miums in two HH seasons. 
' 'Its seam is ^3W s t r o n g e r and 
less liable to rip than the Lock Stitch."— 
"Judges' Report of the Grand Tricl." 

Scud for the "Report," and Samples of 
work, containiiij!: both kinds of stitches on 
the same piece of goods. Agents wauted. 

M. W. LEET, Gen'I h^enU 

No. UN. Fifth St., 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 



95 



THE 





REPOSITORY & SALE ROOMS 

Of the celebrated 

Carriage Factory 

Of 

HOO MER ^ CO. 

Are at the old stand of T. B. EDGAR, 

Nos. 409 & 411 North Third Street, 

BETWEEN LOCUST AND VINE STREETS, 

mm. &@)Wis, M@e 

i8@°"Tlns Manufactory is dem- 
onstrably the largest in the coun- 
try outside of the limits of New 
York. The capital of the Com- 
pany is almost unlimited, and 
their stock of can-iages, made of 
the best material, and with the finest workmanship, comprises every new style 
known to the business. The public is cordially invited to visit this old 
establishment. 

NATHAN OAKD, Superintendent. 





.lAMES RICHARDSON. 



W. C, FORD. 



Ricliardson & Co., 






)?) 



IMPORTERS' AND MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS, 
IVos. '7'04 A.ND T'Oe ]V. ]>XAIN SXBLEET, 



fiK Ln ^ 



^—r 






^ 



MUSIC ^ STORE, 

No. 205 N Fourth street, ST. LOUIS. 

SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST, 



96 



.-L?JL 9 



] 



^T 



Cu. 



J 



€€RHEH FIFTH & WALHUT STS., 

Under Southern Hotel, Btt S@lili^ WMt^j 

GENERAL AGENTS IN THE WEST FOR THE 

MASOH & HAMLIN 

CABINET OMG^MN^ 

FOR nmum, mmmz a ecuoots, 

—AND— 
MADE BY 

QEO. STECK & CO,, JAMES W. VOSE, AND DECKER & GO. 



^m 




Send for circulars and price-lists. 
Orders sent by mail will be carefully filled. 
All our instruments are fully waranted for five years. 
We sell for CASH ONLY, and at SMALL PEOFITS. 

Address : 

. H. SAXTOM ^ CO.;, 

COB, FIFTH & JFALNUT STREETS, 

if. 'MmiB^. MQ. 



WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. 



Wasuixgton Ukiveksity, founded in the'city of St. Louis dnder an act of 
incorporation by the State of Missouri, approved February 22, 1853, already 
comprises five departments and will embrace, when the purpose of its founders 
is realised, the whole range of University studies, except Theology, and afford 
opportunity of complete preparation for every sphere of practical and scientific 
life. The institution is absolutely free from sectarian and partisan bias. 
Any official action of a denominational or political character is a violation of 
its charter. The express language is : — 

"Sec. 2. No instruction, cither sectarian in religion, or party in politics, 
shall be allowed in any Department of said University, and no sectarian or 
party test shall be allowed in the election of Professors, Teachers or other 
ofificers of said University, or in the admission of scholars thereto, or for any 
purpose whatever." 

Washington University was founded by citizens of St. Louis. Its endow- 
ment, in cash and real estate, already exceeds lialf a million dollars. Generous 
contributions have been made and two Professorships have been established 
by eastern benefactors, but by far the greater part of this endowment was given 
by public-spirited citizens of St. Louis. 

The five departments now organized are the Academic, the Collegiate, 
the Scientific, the Industrial, and the Mary Institute, 



TlIK ACADEMY 

Fits boys either for College or for immediate entrance upon a business life. It 
has a corps of sixteen teachers. Several of the Professors in the Collegiate 
department give instruction in the Academy. This is an advantage not usually 
possessed by schools of this grade. Under its present efficient management, 
the Academy has required a high reputation for thoroughness of scholarship. 
Students fitted in this Academy are fully qualified to enter any College in 
the country. 



THE COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT 

Is unsurpassed in the extent and thoroughness of its course of study. The 
success which it has attained under the able administration of its present 
Chancellor is a pledge of still greater usefulness. But while the College has a 
full corps of Professors, the number of students is small. Western youth, 
dazzled by the reputation of older institutions, prefer to seek at the East the 
culture which they could more economically obtain at home. But there are 
marked advantages in small classes ; comparatively the students receive a much 
larger share of attention and supervision, and the Professors coming into more 
intimate personal relations with the youth committed to their charge can exert 
a more powerful influence in perfecting their scholarship and moulding their 
manhood. 



THE BCIENTI KI DEP.UIT MKXX 

la intended for students who do not wish to take the classics, aiid for graduates 
who wish to pursue the sciences beyond the limits of the College course. • 
Especial attention is given to Practical Chemistry, the Higher Mathematics, 
and the Principles of Mechanics. 

TJilE INDOSTRIAL DEPABTMENT 

Is organized under the name of the t)'Fallou Polytechnic Institute. Although 
established under the general charter and deriving essential advantages from 
its connection with the other departments of the University, it is administered 
by a separate Board of Directors. It will be the aim of this institution to 
teach apprentices, mechanics, and artisans the principles of practical science. 
At first, this instruction will probably be resti-icted to evening schools and 
courses of popular lectures on industrial science. Tuition will be free. 

THE M.\RY INSTITUTE 

Is one of the best female seminaries in the country. The course of study iu 
this institution is essentially Collegiate. It is the object of its founders to afford 
young women the same opportunities of liberal culture that young men enjoy, 
with only such diversities of subject and treatment as the difference of sex 
may require. The building is centrally ' cated on the finest street in St. Louis. 
The present corporation of Washington University is constituted as follows : 

WILLIAM G. ELIOT, Prceideut. 

WAYMAN CROW, Vice President. 

SETH A. EANLETT, Secretary and Treasurer. 

AND THESE ADDITIONAL DIKfCTORS: 



JAMES H. LUCAS, 
HENRY HITCHCOCK, 
JAMES SMITH, 
CHARLES A. POPE, 



JOHN HOW, 
JOHN M. KRUM, 
S-IMUEL TRfUT, 
ROBERT CAMPBELL, 
JOHN R. HHEPLEY, 



HUDSON E. BRIDGE, 
JAMES E. YEATMAN, 
CARLOS S. GREELEY, 
GEORGE PARTRIDGE, 



The heads of the several departments arc:— 

William Chauvenet, Chaucollor of the University. 
Calvin S. Pennell, Principal of the Mary Institute. 
Geo. B. Stone, Principal of the Academy. 



Location of (lie University Buildings : 

AOADEMT, SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL, UNIVEESITY HALL, 
Corner of 17th Street and Washington Avenue. 

MAEY INSTITUTE, 
" Lucas Place, between 14th and 16th Streets. 

POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 

Corner of Seventh and Chestnut Streets. 

Additional information, can be obtained by application to the Chancellor 
at Univev.sity Hall, or to the Secretary, at die Procident Savings Institution, 
Olive Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets. 



LB N '06 



« 107 89 



■^^'4 



o 







* * 









> °o 
















• <J>^ ' o , o - ^' '-^^ • . . 1 • A V^ * o , o ' O 

« o ^ ^-;^ • ( 1 J^ 


























LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




014 572 845 9 





